Circ Res. 1992 Nov;71(5):1078-87. doi: 10.1161/01.res.71.5.1078.

Sympathetic stimulation and norepinephrine infusion modulate extracellular potassium concentration during acute myocardial ischemia.

Circulation research

M R Warner, T S Kroeker, D P Zipes

PMID: 1394871 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.71.5.1078

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sympathetic stimulation modulated the rise in extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) evoked by acute myocardial ischemia. In 35 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs, we measured changes in [K+]o during acute myocardial ischemia in the presence and absence of sympathetic stimulation or norepinephrine infusion. A series of four 5-minute occlusions of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was completed in 18 dogs. Thirty minutes of reperfusion separated each LAD occlusion. Four to five K(+)-sensitive electrodes were inserted into the left ventricular midmyocardium that was perfused by the distal LAD. Lead II of the electrocardiogram, arterial pressure, and [K+]o were recorded, and the right atrium was paced at a constant cycle length. The first, second, and fourth LAD occlusions were done in the absence of sympathetic stimulation or norepinephrine infusion. The changes in [K+]o evoked by the first LAD occlusion differed (p < 0.05) from those elicited by the second and fourth occlusions. However, the changes in [K+]o during the second and fourth LAD occlusions were similar (p > 0.2) and served as controls for the responses obtained during the third occlusion. Two minutes before the third LAD occlusion, sympathetic stimulation (4 Hz) or norepinephrine infusion (0.25-0.5 micrograms/kg per minute i.v.) was begun and was continued until 2 minutes after reperfusion. We found that sympathetic stimulation and norepinephrine infusion increased (p < 0.05) myocardial blood flow in both normal and ischemic tissue. The mean response recorded by 23 K(+)-sensitive electrodes in 11 dogs showed that sympathetic stimulation increased (p < 0.001) the [K+]o at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes after the onset of LAD occlusion compared with the second and fourth occlusions. In contrast, the mean response recorded by 20 K(+)-sensitive electrodes in seven dogs showed that norepinephrine infusion reduced (p < 0.02) the [K+]o at 4 and 5 minutes after the onset of LAD occlusion. These data show that sympathetic stimulation increased the [K+]o evoked by acute myocardial ischemia, an effect that was not mimicked by the intravenous administration of norepinephrine.

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Substances

• Potassium
• Norepinephrine

MeSH terms

• Animals
• Coronary Circulation / drug effects
• Coronary Circulation / physiology
• Dogs
• Electric Stimulation
• Extracellular Space / metabolism
• Myocardial Ischemia / metabolism
• Myocardial Ischemia / physiopathology
• Norepinephrine / pharmacology
• Osmolar Concentration
• Potassium / metabolism
• Sympathetic Nervous System / physiopathology

Publication Types

• Journal Article
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Grant support

• HL-41599/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
• HL-42370/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States

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