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Ritchie LD, Lessard L, Harpainter P, et al. Restaurant kids' meal beverage offerings before and after implementation of healthy default beverage policy statewide in California compared with citywide in Wilmington, Delaware. Public Health Nutr. 2021;1-11doi: 10.1017/S1368980021001245.
Ritchie, L. D., Lessard, L., Harpainter, P., Tsai, M. M., Woodward-Lopez, G., Tracy, T., Gosliner, W., McCallops, K., Thompson, I., & Karpyn, A. (2021). Restaurant kids' meal beverage offerings before and after implementation of healthy default beverage policy statewide in California compared with citywide in Wilmington, Delaware. Public health nutrition, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021001245
Ritchie, Lorrene D, et al. "Restaurant kids' meal beverage offerings before and after implementation of healthy default beverage policy statewide in California compared with citywide in Wilmington, Delaware." Public health nutrition vol. (2021): 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021001245
Ritchie LD, Lessard L, Harpainter P, Tsai MM, Woodward-Lopez G, Tracy T, Gosliner W, McCallops K, Thompson I, Karpyn A. Restaurant kids' meal beverage offerings before and after implementation of healthy default beverage policy statewide in California compared with citywide in Wilmington, Delaware. Public Health Nutr. 2021 Apr 12;1-11. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021001245. Epub 2021 Apr 12. PMID: 33843541.
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Public Health Nutr. 2021 Apr 12;1-11. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021001245. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Restaurant kids' meal beverage offerings before and after implementation of healthy default beverage policy statewide in California compared with citywide in Wilmington, Delaware.

Public health nutrition

Lorrene D Ritchie, Laura Lessard, Phoebe Harpainter, Marisa M Tsai, Gail Woodward-Lopez, Tara Tracy, Wendi Gosliner, Kathleen McCallops, Isabel Thompson, Allison Karpyn

Affiliations

  1. Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, 1111 Franklin Street, Oakland, CA 94607, USA.
  2. Department of Behavioral Health & Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
  3. Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
  4. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

PMID: 33843541 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021001245

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In 2019, California and Wilmington, Delaware' implemented policies requiring healthier default beverages with restaurant kids' meals. The current study assessed restaurant beverage offerings and manager perceptions.

DESIGN: Pre-post menu observations were conducted in California and Wilmington. Observations of cashiers/servers during orders were conducted pre-post implementation in California and post-implementation in Wilmington. Changes in California were compared using multilevel logistic regression and paired t tests. Post-implementation, managers were interviewed.

SETTING: Inside and drive-through ordering venues in a sample of quick-service restaurants in low-income California communities and all restaurants in Wilmington subject to the policy, the month before and 7-12 months after policy implementation.

PARTICIPANTS: Restaurant observations (California n 110; Wilmington n 14); managers (California n 75; Wilmington n 15).

RESULTS: Pre-implementation, the most common kids' meal beverages on California menus were unflavoured milk and water (78·8 %, 52·0 %); in Wilmington, juice, milk and sugar-sweetened beverages were most common (81·8 %, 66·7 % and 46·2 %). Post-implementation, menus including only policy-consistent beverages significantly increased in California (9·7 % to 66·1 %, P < 0·0001), but remained constant in Wilmington (30·8 %). During orders, cashiers/servers offering only policy-consistent beverages significantly decreased post-implementation in California (5·0 % to 1·0 %, P = 0·002). Few managers (California 29·3 %; Wilmington 0 %) reported policy knowledge, although most expressed support. Most managers wanted additional information for customers and staff.

CONCLUSIONS: While the proportion of menus offering only policy-consistent kids' meal default beverages increased in California, offerings did not change in Wilmington. In both jurisdictions, managers lacked policy knowledge, and few cashiers/servers offered only policy-consistent beverages. Additional efforts are needed to strengthen implementation of kids' meal beverage policies.

Keywords: Beverage; Children; Fast food; Meal; Policy; Restaurant

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