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Bates AE, Primack RB, Biggar BS, et al. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment. Biol Conserv. 2021;263:109175doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175.
Bates, A. E., Primack, R. B., Biggar, B. S., Bird, T. J., Clinton, M. E., Command, R. J., Richards, C., Shellard, M., Geraldi, N. R., Vergara, V., Acevedo-Charry, O., Colón-Piñeiro, Z., Ocampo, D., Ocampo-Peñuela, N., Sánchez-Clavijo, L. M., Adamescu, C. M., Cheval, S., Racoviceanu, T., Adams, M. D., Kalisa, E., Kuuire, V. Z., Aditya, V., Anderwald, P., Wiesmann, S., Wipf, S., Badihi, G., Henderson, M. G., Loetscher, H., Baerenfaller, K., Benedetti-Cecchi, L., Bulleri, F., Bertocci, I., Maggi, E., Rindi, L., Ravaglioli, C., Boerder, K., Bonnel, J., Mathias, D., Archambault, P., Chauvaud, L., Braun, C. D., Thorrold, S. R., Brownscombe, J. W., Midwood, J. D., Boston, C. M., Brooks, J. L., Cooke, S. J., China, V., Roll, U., Belmaker, J., Zvuloni, A., Coll, M., Ortega, M., Connors, B., Lacko, L., Jayathilake, D. R. M., Costello, M. J., Crimmins, T. M., Barnett, L., Denny, E. G., Gerst, K. L., Marsh, R. L., Posthumus, E. E., Rodriguez, R., Rosemartin, A., Schaffer, S. N., Switzer, J. R., Wong, K., Cunningham, S. J., Sumasgutner, P., Amar, A., Thomson, R. L., Stofberg, M., Hofmeyr, S., Suri, J., Stuart-Smith, R. D., Day, P. B., Edgar, G. J., Cooper, A. T., De Leo, F. C., Garner, G., Des Brisay, P. G., Schrimpf, M. B., Koper, N., Diamond, M. S., Dwyer, R. G., Baker, C. J., Franklin, C. E., Efrat, R., Berger-Tal, O., Hatzofe, O., Eguíluz, V. M., Rodríguez, J. P., Fernández-Gracia, J., Elustondo, D., Calatayud, V., English, P. A., Archer, S. K., Dudas, S. E., Haggarty, D. R., Gallagher, A. J., Shea, B. D., Shipley, O. N., Gilby, B. L., Ballantyne, J., Olds, A. D., Henderson, C. J., Schlacher, T. A., Halliday, W. D., Brown, N. A. W., Woods, M. B., Balshine, S., Juanes, F., Rider, M. J., Albano, P. S., Hammerschlag, N., Hays, G. C., Esteban, N., Pan, Y., He, G., Tanaka, T., Hensel, M. J. S., Orth, R. J., Patrick, C. J., Hentati-Sundberg, J., Olsson, O., Hessing-Lewis, M. L., Higgs, N. D., Hindell, M. A., McMahon, C. R., Harcourt, R., Guinet, C., Hirsch, S. E., Perrault, J. R., Hoover, S. R., Reilly, J. D., Hobaiter, C., Gruber, T., Huveneers, C., Udyawer, V., Clarke, T. M., Kroesen, L. P., Hik, D. S., Cherry, S. G., Del Bel Belluz, J. A., Jackson, J. M., Lai, S., Lamb, C. T., LeClair, G. D., Parmelee, J. R., Chatfield, M. W. H., Frederick, C. A., Lee, S., Park, H., Choi, J., LeTourneux, F., Grandmont, T., de-Broin, F. D., Bêty, J., Gauthier, G., Legagneux, P., Lewis, J. S., Haight, J., Liu, Z., Lyon, J. P., Hale, R., D'Silva, D., MacGregor-Fors, I., Arbeláez-Cortés, E., Estela, F. A., Sánchez-Sarria, C. E., García-Arroyo, M., Aguirre-Samboní, G. K., Franco Morales, J. C., Malamud, S., Gavriel, T., Buba, Y., Salingré, S., Lazarus, M., Yahel, R., Ari, Y. B., Miller, E., Sade, R., Lavian, G., Birman, Z., Gury, M., Baz, H., Baskin, I., Penn, A., Dolev, A., Licht, O., Karkom, T., Davidzon, S., Berkovitch, A., Yaakov, O., Manenti, R., Mori, E., Ficetola, G. F., Lunghi, E., March, D., Godley, B. J., Martin, C., Mihaly, S. F., Barclay, D. R., Thomson, D. J. M., Dewey, R., Bedard, J., Miller, A., Dearden, A., Chapman, J., Dares, L., Borden, L., Gibbs, D., Schultz, J., Sergeenko, N., Francis, F., Weltman, A., Moity, N., Ramírez-González, J., Mucientes, G., Alonso-Fernández, A., Namir, I., Bar-Massada, A., Chen, R., Yedvab, S., Okey, T. A., Oppel, S., Arkumarev, V., Bakari, S., Dobrev, V., Saravia-Mullin, V., Bounas, A., Dobrev, D., Kret, E., Mengistu, S., Pourchier, C., Ruffo, A., Tesfaye, M., Wondafrash, M., Nikolov, S. C., Palmer, C., Sileci, L., Rex, P. T., Lowe, C. G., Peters, F., Pine, M. K., Radford, C. A., Wilson, L., McWhinnie, L., Scuderi, A., Jeffs, A. G., Prudic, K. L., Larrivée, M., McFarland, K. P., Solis, R., Hutchinson, R. A., Queiroz, N., Furtado, M. A., Sims, D. W., Southall, E., Quesada-Rodriguez, C. A., Diaz-Orozco, J. P., Rodgers, K. S., Severino, S. J. L., Graham, A. T., Stefanak, M. P., Madin, E. M. P., Ryan, P. G., Maclean, K., Weideman, E. A., Şekercioğlu, �. �. H., Kittelberger, K. D., Kusak, J., Seminoff, J. A., Hanna, M. E., Shimada, T., Meekan, M. G., Smith, M. K. S., Mokhatla, M. M., Soh, M. C. K., Pang, R. Y. T., Ng, B. X. K., Lee, B. P. Y., Loo, A. H. B., Er, K. B. H., Souza, G. B. G., Stallings, C. D., Curtis, J. S., Faletti, M. E., Peake, J. A., Schram, M. J., Wall, K. R., Terry, C., Rothendler, M., Zipf, L., Ulloa, J. S., Hernández-Palma, A., Gómez-Valencia, B., Cruz-Rodríguez, C., Herrera-Varón, Y., Roa, M., Rodríguez-Buriticá, S., Ochoa-Quintero, J. M., Vardi, R., Vázquez, V., Requena-Mesa, C., Warrington, M. H., Taylor, M. E., Woodall, L. C., Stefanoudis, P. V., Zhang, X., Yang, Q., Zukerman, Y., Sigal, Z., Ayali, A., Clua, E. E. G., Carzon, P., Seguine, C., Corradini, A., Pedrotti, L., Foley, C. M., Gagnon, C. A., Panipakoochoo, E., Milanes, C. B., Botero, C. M., Velázquez, Y. R., Milchakova, N. A., Morley, S. A., Martin, S. M., Nanni, V., Otero, T., Wakeling, J., Abarro, S., Piou, C., Sobral, A. F. L., Soto, E. H., Weigel, E. G., Bernal-Ibáñez, A., Gestoso, I., Cacabelos, E., Cagnacci, F., Devassy, R. P., Loretto, M. C., Moraga, P., Rutz, C., & Duarte, C. M. (2021). Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment. Biological conservation, 263109175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175
Bates, Amanda E, et al. "Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment." Biological conservation vol. 263 (2021): 109175. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175
Bates AE, Primack RB, Biggar BS, Bird TJ, Clinton ME, Command RJ, Richards C, Shellard M, Geraldi NR, Vergara V, Acevedo-Charry O, Colón-Piñeiro Z, Ocampo D, Ocampo-Peñuela N, Sánchez-Clavijo LM, Adamescu CM, Cheval S, Racoviceanu T, Adams MD, Kalisa E, Kuuire VZ, Aditya V, Anderwald P, Wiesmann S, Wipf S, Badihi G, Henderson MG, Loetscher H, Baerenfaller K, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Bulleri F, Bertocci I, Maggi E, Rindi L, Ravaglioli C, Boerder K, Bonnel J, Mathias D, Archambault P, Chauvaud L, Braun CD, Thorrold SR, Brownscombe JW, Midwood JD, Boston CM, Brooks JL, Cooke SJ, China V, Roll U, Belmaker J, Zvuloni A, Coll M, Ortega M, Connors B, Lacko L, Jayathilake DRM, Costello MJ, Crimmins TM, Barnett L, Denny EG, Gerst KL, Marsh RL, Posthumus EE, Rodriguez R, Rosemartin A, Schaffer SN, Switzer JR, Wong K, Cunningham SJ, Sumasgutner P, Amar A, Thomson RL, Stofberg M, Hofmeyr S, Suri J, Stuart-Smith RD, Day PB, Edgar GJ, Cooper AT, De Leo FC, Garner G, Des Brisay PG, Schrimpf MB, Koper N, Diamond MS, Dwyer RG, Baker CJ, Franklin CE, Efrat R, Berger-Tal O, Hatzofe O, Eguíluz VM, Rodríguez JP, Fernández-Gracia J, Elustondo D, Calatayud V, English PA, Archer SK, Dudas SE, Haggarty DR, Gallagher AJ, Shea BD, Shipley ON, Gilby BL, Ballantyne J, Olds AD, Henderson CJ, Schlacher TA, Halliday WD, Brown NAW, Woods MB, Balshine S, Juanes F, Rider MJ, Albano PS, Hammerschlag N, Hays GC, Esteban N, Pan Y, He G, Tanaka T, Hensel MJS, Orth RJ, Patrick CJ, Hentati-Sundberg J, Olsson O, Hessing-Lewis ML, Higgs ND, Hindell MA, McMahon CR, Harcourt R, Guinet C, Hirsch SE, Perrault JR, Hoover SR, Reilly JD, Hobaiter C, Gruber T, Huveneers C, Udyawer V, Clarke TM, Kroesen LP, Hik DS, Cherry SG, Del Bel Belluz JA, Jackson JM, Lai S, Lamb CT, LeClair GD, Parmelee JR, Chatfield MWH, Frederick CA, Lee S, Park H, Choi J, LeTourneux F, Grandmont T, de-Broin FD, Bêty J, Gauthier G, Legagneux P, Lewis JS, Haight J, Liu Z, Lyon JP, Hale R, D'Silva D, MacGregor-Fors I, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Estela FA, Sánchez-Sarria CE, García-Arroyo M, Aguirre-Samboní GK, Franco Morales JC, Malamud S, Gavriel T, Buba Y, Salingré S, Lazarus M, Yahel R, Ari YB, Miller E, Sade R, Lavian G, Birman Z, Gury M, Baz H, Baskin I, Penn A, Dolev A, Licht O, Karkom T, Davidzon S, Berkovitch A, Yaakov O, Manenti R, Mori E, Ficetola GF, Lunghi E, March D, Godley BJ, Martin C, Mihaly SF, Barclay DR, Thomson DJM, Dewey R, Bedard J, Miller A, Dearden A, Chapman J, Dares L, Borden L, Gibbs D, Schultz J, Sergeenko N, Francis F, Weltman A, Moity N, Ramírez-González J, Mucientes G, Alonso-Fernández A, Namir I, Bar-Massada A, Chen R, Yedvab S, Okey TA, Oppel S, Arkumarev V, Bakari S, Dobrev V, Saravia-Mullin V, Bounas A, Dobrev D, Kret E, Mengistu S, Pourchier C, Ruffo A, Tesfaye M, Wondafrash M, Nikolov SC, Palmer C, Sileci L, Rex PT, Lowe CG, Peters F, Pine MK, Radford CA, Wilson L, McWhinnie L, Scuderi A, Jeffs AG, Prudic KL, Larrivée M, McFarland KP, Solis R, Hutchinson RA, Queiroz N, Furtado MA, Sims DW, Southall E, Quesada-Rodriguez CA, Diaz-Orozco JP, Rodgers KS, Severino SJL, Graham AT, Stefanak MP, Madin EMP, Ryan PG, Maclean K, Weideman EA, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Kittelberger KD, Kusak J, Seminoff JA, Hanna ME, Shimada T, Meekan MG, Smith MKS, Mokhatla MM, Soh MCK, Pang RYT, Ng BXK, Lee BPY, Loo AHB, Er KBH, Souza GBG, Stallings CD, Curtis JS, Faletti ME, Peake JA, Schram MJ, Wall KR, Terry C, Rothendler M, Zipf L, Ulloa JS, Hernández-Palma A, Gómez-Valencia B, Cruz-Rodríguez C, Herrera-Varón Y, Roa M, Rodríguez-Buriticá S, Ochoa-Quintero JM, Vardi R, Vázquez V, Requena-Mesa C, Warrington MH, Taylor ME, Woodall LC, Stefanoudis PV, Zhang X, Yang Q, Zukerman Y, Sigal Z, Ayali A, Clua EEG, Carzon P, Seguine C, Corradini A, Pedrotti L, Foley CM, Gagnon CA, Panipakoochoo E, Milanes CB, Botero CM, Velázquez YR, Milchakova NA, Morley SA, Martin SM, Nanni V, Otero T, Wakeling J, Abarro S, Piou C, Sobral AFL, Soto EH, Weigel EG, Bernal-Ibáñez A, Gestoso I, Cacabelos E, Cagnacci F, Devassy RP, Loretto MC, Moraga P, Rutz C, Duarte CM. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment. Biol Conserv. 2021 Nov;263:109175. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175. Epub 2021 May 20. PMID: 34035536; PMCID: PMC8135229.
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Biol Conserv. 2021 Nov;263:109175. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175. Epub 2021 May 20.

Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment.

Biological conservation

Amanda E Bates, Richard B Primack, Brandy S Biggar, Tomas J Bird, Mary E Clinton, Rylan J Command, Cerren Richards, Marc Shellard, Nathan R Geraldi, Valeria Vergara, Orlando Acevedo-Charry, Zuania Colón-Piñeiro, David Ocampo, Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela, Lina M Sánchez-Clavijo, Cristian M Adamescu, Sorin Cheval, Tudor Racoviceanu, Matthew D Adams, Egide Kalisa, Vincent Z Kuuire, Vikram Aditya, Pia Anderwald, Samuel Wiesmann, Sonja Wipf, Gal Badihi, Matthew G Henderson, Hanspeter Loetscher, Katja Baerenfaller, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Fabio Bulleri, Iacopo Bertocci, Elena Maggi, Luca Rindi, Chiara Ravaglioli, Kristina Boerder, Julien Bonnel, Delphine Mathias, Philippe Archambault, Laurent Chauvaud, Camrin D Braun, Simon R Thorrold, Jacob W Brownscombe, Jonathan D Midwood, Christine M Boston, Jill L Brooks, Steven J Cooke, Victor China, Uri Roll, Jonathan Belmaker, Assaf Zvuloni, Marta Coll, Miquel Ortega, Brendan Connors, Lisa Lacko, Dinusha R M Jayathilake, Mark J Costello, Theresa M Crimmins, LoriAnne Barnett, Ellen G Denny, Katharine L Gerst, R L Marsh, Erin E Posthumus, Reilly Rodriguez, Alyssa Rosemartin, Sara N Schaffer, Jeff R Switzer, Kevin Wong, Susan J Cunningham, Petra Sumasgutner, Arjun Amar, Robert L Thomson, Miqkayla Stofberg, Sally Hofmeyr, Jessleena Suri, Rick D Stuart-Smith, Paul B Day, Graham J Edgar, Antonia T Cooper, Fabio Cabrera De Leo, Grant Garner, Paulson G Des Brisay, Michael B Schrimpf, Nicola Koper, Michael S Diamond, Ross G Dwyer, Cameron J Baker, Craig E Franklin, Ron Efrat, Oded Berger-Tal, Ohad Hatzofe, Víctor M Eguíluz, Jorge P Rodríguez, Juan Fernández-Gracia, David Elustondo, Vicent Calatayud, Philina A English, Stephanie K Archer, Sarah E Dudas, Dana R Haggarty, Austin J Gallagher, Brendan D Shea, Oliver N Shipley, Ben L Gilby, Jasmine Ballantyne, Andrew D Olds, Christopher J Henderson, Thomas A Schlacher, William D Halliday, Nicholas A W Brown, Mackenzie B Woods, Sigal Balshine, Francis Juanes, Mitchell J Rider, Patricia S Albano, Neil Hammerschlag, Graeme C Hays, Nicole Esteban, Yuhang Pan, Guojun He, Takanao Tanaka, Marc J S Hensel, Robert J Orth, Christopher J Patrick, Jonas Hentati-Sundberg, Olof Olsson, Margot L Hessing-Lewis, Nicholas D Higgs, Mark A Hindell, Clive R McMahon, Rob Harcourt, Christophe Guinet, Sarah E Hirsch, Justin R Perrault, Shelby R Hoover, Jennifer D Reilly, Catherine Hobaiter, Thibaud Gruber, Charlie Huveneers, Vinay Udyawer, Thomas M Clarke, Laura P Kroesen, David S Hik, Seth G Cherry, Justin A Del Bel Belluz, Jennifer M Jackson, Shengjie Lai, Clayton T Lamb, Gregory D LeClair, Jeffrey R Parmelee, Matthew W H Chatfield, Cheryl A Frederick, Sangdon Lee, Hyomin Park, Jaein Choi, Frédéric LeTourneux, Thierry Grandmont, Frédéric Dulude de-Broin, Joël Bêty, Gilles Gauthier, Pierre Legagneux, Jesse S Lewis, Jeffrey Haight, Zhu Liu, Jarod P Lyon, Robin Hale, Dallas D'Silva, Ian MacGregor-Fors, Enrique Arbeláez-Cortés, Felipe A Estela, Camilo E Sánchez-Sarria, Michelle García-Arroyo, Giann K Aguirre-Samboní, Juan C Franco Morales, Shahar Malamud, Tal Gavriel, Yehezkel Buba, Shira Salingré, Mai Lazarus, Ruthy Yahel, Yigael Ben Ari, Eyal Miller, Rotem Sade, Guy Lavian, Ziv Birman, Manor Gury, Harel Baz, Ilia Baskin, Alon Penn, Amit Dolev, Ogen Licht, Tabi Karkom, Sharon Davidzon, Avi Berkovitch, Ofer Yaakov, Raoul Manenti, Emiliano Mori, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Enrico Lunghi, David March, Brendan J Godley, Cecilia Martin, Steven F Mihaly, David R Barclay, Dugald J M Thomson, Richard Dewey, Jeannette Bedard, Aroha Miller, Amber Dearden, Jennifer Chapman, Lauren Dares, Laura Borden, Donna Gibbs, Jessica Schultz, Nikita Sergeenko, Fiona Francis, Amanda Weltman, Nicolas Moity, Jorge Ramírez-González, Gonzalo Mucientes, Alexandre Alonso-Fernández, Itai Namir, Avi Bar-Massada, Ron Chen, Shmulik Yedvab, Thomas A Okey, Steffen Oppel, Volen Arkumarev, Samuel Bakari, Vladimir Dobrev, Victoria Saravia-Mullin, Anastasios Bounas, Dobromir Dobrev, Elzbieta Kret, Solomon Mengistu, Cloé Pourchier, Alazar Ruffo, Million Tesfaye, Mengistu Wondafrash, Stoyan C Nikolov, Charles Palmer, Lorenzo Sileci, Patrick T Rex, Christopher G Lowe, Francesc Peters, Matthew K Pine, Craig A Radford, Louise Wilson, Lauren McWhinnie, Alessia Scuderi, Andrew G Jeffs, Kathleen L Prudic, Maxim Larrivée, Kent P McFarland, Rodrigo Solis, Rebecca A Hutchinson, Nuno Queiroz, Miguel A Furtado, David W Sims, Emily Southall, Claudio A Quesada-Rodriguez, Jessica P Diaz-Orozco, Ku'ulei S Rodgers, Sarah J L Severino, Andrew T Graham, Matthew P Stefanak, Elizabeth M P Madin, Peter G Ryan, Kyle Maclean, Eleanor A Weideman, Çağan H Şekercioğlu, Kyle D Kittelberger, Josip Kusak, Jeffrey A Seminoff, Megan E Hanna, Takahiro Shimada, Mark G Meekan, Martin K S Smith, Mohlamatsane M Mokhatla, Malcolm C K Soh, Roanna Y T Pang, Breyl X K Ng, Benjamin P Y-H Lee, Adrian H B Loo, Kenneth B H Er, Gabriel B G Souza, Christopher D Stallings, Joseph S Curtis, Meaghan E Faletti, Jonathan A Peake, Michael J Schram, Kara R Wall, Carina Terry, Matt Rothendler, Lucy Zipf, Juan Sebastián Ulloa, Angélica Hernández-Palma, Bibiana Gómez-Valencia, Cristian Cruz-Rodríguez, Yenifer Herrera-Varón, Margarita Roa, Susana Rodríguez-Buriticá, Jose Manuel Ochoa-Quintero, Reut Vardi, Víctor Vázquez, Christian Requena-Mesa, Miyako H Warrington, Michelle E Taylor, Lucy C Woodall, Paris V Stefanoudis, Xiangliang Zhang, Qiang Yang, Yuval Zukerman, Zehava Sigal, Amir Ayali, Eric E G Clua, Pamela Carzon, Clementine Seguine, Andrea Corradini, Luca Pedrotti, Catherine M Foley, Catherine Alexandra Gagnon, Elijah Panipakoochoo, Celene B Milanes, Camilo M Botero, Yunior R Velázquez, Nataliya A Milchakova, Simon A Morley, Stephanie M Martin, Veronica Nanni, Tanya Otero, Julia Wakeling, Sarah Abarro, Cyril Piou, Ana F L Sobral, Eulogio H Soto, Emily G Weigel, Alejandro Bernal-Ibáñez, Ignacio Gestoso, Eva Cacabelos, Francesca Cagnacci, Reny P Devassy, Matthias-Claudio Loretto, Paula Moraga, Christian Rutz, Carlos M Duarte

Affiliations

  1. Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada.
  2. Biology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
  3. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 E White Hills Rd, St. John's A1A 5J7, Canada.
  4. School of Ocean Technology, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Rd, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada.
  5. Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
  6. Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
  7. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia.
  8. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
  9. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
  10. Research Center for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
  11. National Meteorological Administration, 013686 Bucharest, Romania.
  12. Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
  13. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, PO, Royal Enclave, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India.
  14. Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland.
  15. Origins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom.
  16. Office for Nature and Environment of the Grisons, Ringstrasse 10, 7001 Chur, Switzerland.
  17. Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 7265 Davos, Switzerland.
  18. Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
  19. Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
  20. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
  21. Société d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 115 Rue Claude Chappe, 29280 Plouzané, France.
  22. ArcticNet, Département de Biologie, Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
  23. Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS, UBO, IRD, Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), LIA BeBEST, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
  24. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
  25. Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada.
  26. Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
  27. Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
  28. School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
  29. The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel.
  30. Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel.
  31. Institute of Marine Science (CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49 & Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
  32. Fundació ENT, Carrer Josep Llanza, 1-7, 2-3, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, 08800 & Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
  33. Quantitative Assessment Methods Section, Stock Assessment and Research Division, Pacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard St Suite 200, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L6, Canada.
  34. School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
  35. Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodo 1049, Norway.
  36. USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
  37. FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
  38. Core Facility Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Fischerau 11, A-4645 Grünau im Almtal, Austria.
  39. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
  40. Carijoa - Marine Environmental Consulting, 29 Sydenham Street, Rivervale, Perth, Western Australia 6103, Australia.
  41. Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Canada.
  42. Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
  43. Environment and Climate Change Canada, 150-123 Main St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 4W2, Canada.
  44. Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
  45. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, USA.
  46. School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
  47. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
  48. Science Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel.
  49. Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
  50. Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain.
  51. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain.
  52. Fundación CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain.
  53. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
  54. Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 LA-56, Chauvin, LA 70344, United States.
  55. Beneath the Waves, PO Box 126, Herndon, VA 20172, USA.
  56. Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, P.O. Box 606, 202 B Ave, Kaslo, British Columbia V0G 1M0, Canada.
  57. Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
  58. Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States.
  59. Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
  60. Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
  61. Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
  62. Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
  63. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
  64. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden.
  65. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
  66. Hakai Institute, Pruth Harbour, Calvert Island, BC V0P 1H0, Canada.
  67. Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera Island School, PO Box EL-26029, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas.
  68. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia.
  69. Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
  70. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia.
  71. Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d'Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France.
  72. Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States.
  73. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
  74. College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
  75. Arafura Timor Research Facility, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia.
  76. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
  77. Parks Canada Agency, 5420 Highway 93, Radium Hot Springs, BC V0A 1M0, Canada.
  78. Hakai Institute, Victoria, BC V8W 1V8, Canada.
  79. WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Hartley Library B12, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
  80. Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
  81. University of Maine, 168 College Ave, Orono, ME 04469, United States.
  82. University of New England, Department of Biology, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States.
  83. Center for Wildlife Studies, North Yarmouth, ME 04097, USA.
  84. Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
  85. Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
  86. Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
  87. College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States.
  88. School of Life Science, Arizona State University, 1151 S. Forest Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, Canada.
  89. Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
  90. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
  91. Victorian Fisheries Authority, Australia.
  92. Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland.
  93. Grupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Ciudad Universitaria Carrera 27 Calle 9, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
  94. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
  95. Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Calle 25, Vía Cali - Puerto Tejada 115-85 Km 2, Jamundí, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
  96. Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
  97. Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
  98. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
  99. Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1, 100101 Beijing, China.
  100. Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK.
  101. Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada.
  102. Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B4H 4R2, Canada.
  103. Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin, Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador.
  104. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
  105. Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, 36006 Tivon, Israel.
  106. Hamaarag, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel.
  107. The Mammal Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Israel.
  108. School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
  109. RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  110. Bulgarian Society for Protection of Birds, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  111. BirdLife International, Africa Partnership Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya.
  112. Hellenic Ornithological Society, Athens, Greece.
  113. WWF Greece, Athens, Greece.
  114. Ethiopia Wildlife and Natural History Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia/Dilla University, Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box, 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
  115. Sahara Conservation Fund, Niamey, Niger.
  116. Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Zoological Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  117. Hawassa University, Shashemene, Ethiopia.
  118. Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK.
  119. Dept of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
  120. Institute of Marine Sciences (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
  121. Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
  122. Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
  123. School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
  124. Marine and Environmental Science Faculty, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
  125. School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
  126. Montreal Space for Life, Insectarium, Montreal, QC, Canada.
  127. Vermont Center for Ecostudies, Norwich, VT, USA.
  128. Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
  129. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
  130. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-668 Vairão, Portugal.
  131. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
  132. Pacuare Reserve, Ecology Project International, Limon, Costa Rica.
  133. Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at M?noa, K?ne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
  134. School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA.
  135. Department of Veterinary Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
  136. NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
  137. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
  138. Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
  139. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (M096), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
  140. Rondevlei Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Garden Route 6570, South Africa.
  141. National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
  142. Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon, 550 Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil.
  143. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
  144. The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
  145. Department of Research and Development, Coccosphere Environmental Analysis, C/Cruz 39, 29120 Alhaurín el Grande, Málaga, Spain.
  146. Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.
  147. Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 317 Sinnott Bldg., 70 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada.
  148. School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK.
  149. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom.
  150. Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
  151. School of Zoology, Tel aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997802, Israel.
  152. PSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia.
  153. Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Calepina, 14, 38122 Trento, Italy.
  154. Stelvio National Park, 23032 Bormio, SO, Italy.
  155. Inuit Elder From the Community of Mittimatalik, Nunavut, Canada.
  156. Civil and Environmental Department, Universidad de La Costa, Cl. 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
  157. School of Law, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Santa Marta, Colombia.
  158. Multidisciplinary Studies Center of Coastal Zone, Universidad de Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba S/N, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba.
  159. Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academian Science, Sevastopol 299011, Russia.
  160. British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB30ET, UK.
  161. Government of Tristan da Cunha, Jamestown STHL 1ZZ, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
  162. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
  163. Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada.
  164. WWF-Canada, 60 St Jacques St, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 1L5, Canada.
  165. CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
  166. Okeanos Research Centre of the University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal.
  167. Centro de Observación Marino para Estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTAR), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile.
  168. School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
  169. MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal.
  170. Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
  171. Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
  172. Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.
  173. Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
  174. Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.

PMID: 34035536 PMCID: PMC8135229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175

Abstract

The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus, initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness.

© 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Keywords: Biodiversity; Global monitoring; Pandemic; Restoration

Conflict of interest statement

Authors declare no competing interests.

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