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Bernardes EM, Delgado JU, Tauhata L, et al. 166mHo: a multi-gamma standard for the calibration of Ge spectrometers. Appl Radiat Isot. 2002;56(1):157-61doi: 10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00182-8.
Bernardes, E. M., Delgado, J. U., Tauhata, L., da Silva, C. J., Iwahara, A., Poledna, R., & Paschoa, A. S. (2002). 166mHo: a multi-gamma standard for the calibration of Ge spectrometers. Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine, 56(1), 157-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00182-8
Bernardes, Estela M O, et al. "166mHo: a multi-gamma standard for the calibration of Ge spectrometers." Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine vol. 56,1 (2002): 157-61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00182-8
Bernardes EM, Delgado JU, Tauhata L, da Silva CJ, Iwahara A, Poledna R, Paschoa AS. 166mHo: a multi-gamma standard for the calibration of Ge spectrometers. Appl Radiat Isot. 2002 Jan-Feb;56(1):157-61. doi: 10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00182-8. PMID: 11842800.
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Appl Radiat Isot. 2002 Jan-Feb;56(1):157-61. doi: 10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00182-8.

166mHo: a multi-gamma standard for the calibration of Ge spectrometers.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine

Estela M O Bernardes, José U Delgado, Luiz Tauhata, Carlos J da Silva, Akira Iwahara, Roberto Poledna, Anselmo S Paschoa

Affiliations

  1. Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. [email protected]

PMID: 11842800 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00182-8

Abstract

Efficiency calibration curves for germanium detectors are usually established by using a large number of standard gamma-ray sources of specific radionuclides, that decay with few gamma-rays, or radionuclides with complex decay schemes, such as 133Ba or 152Eu. But these multi-gamma radionuclides cannot be used alone, because the gamma-rays of high intensity are irregularly distributed across the energy spectrum. 166mHo is a more suitable single source for such calibrations, because this radionuclide decays by beta(-)emission to the excited states of 166Er with the subsequent emission of about 20 strong and well distributed gamma-rays ever the energy range 50-1000 keV. Moreover, with a relatively long half-life (1200 yr) and characteristic X-rays between 40 and 50 keV, this nuclide is a good standard for the calibration of germanium detectors. The X- and gamma-ray emission probabilities of their main lines need to be known with good accuracy in order to resolve the discrepancies found in the literature. A combination of 4pi beta-gamma coincidence and X- and gamma-ray spectrometric techniques have been used to determine 50 photon emission probabilities.

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