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Krimigis SM, Mitchell DG, Hamilton DC, et al. A nebula of gases from Io surrounding Jupiter. Nature. 2002;415(6875):994-6doi: 10.1038/415994a.
Krimigis, S. M., Mitchell, D. G., Hamilton, D. C., Dandouras, J., Armstrong, T. P., Bolton, S. J., Cheng, A. F., Gloeckler, G., Hsieh, K. C., Keath, E. P., Krupp, N., Lagg, A., Lanzerotti, L. J., Livi, S., Mauk, B. H., McEntire, R. W., Roelof, E. C., Wilken, B., & Williams, D. J. (2002). A nebula of gases from Io surrounding Jupiter. Nature, 415(6875), 994-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/415994a
Krimigis, Stamatios M, et al. "A nebula of gases from Io surrounding Jupiter." Nature vol. 415,6875 (2002): 994-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/415994a
Krimigis SM, Mitchell DG, Hamilton DC, Dandouras J, Armstrong TP, Bolton SJ, Cheng AF, Gloeckler G, Hsieh KC, Keath EP, Krupp N, Lagg A, Lanzerotti LJ, Livi S, Mauk BH, McEntire RW, Roelof EC, Wilken B, Williams DJ. A nebula of gases from Io surrounding Jupiter. Nature. 2002 Feb 28;415(6875):994-6. doi: 10.1038/415994a. PMID: 11875559.
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Nature. 2002 Feb 28;415(6875):994-6. doi: 10.1038/415994a.

A nebula of gases from Io surrounding Jupiter.

Nature

Stamatios M Krimigis, Donald G Mitchell, Douglas C Hamilton, Jannis Dandouras, Thomas P Armstrong, Scott J Bolton, Andrew F Cheng, George Gloeckler, K C Hsieh, Edwin P Keath, Norbert Krupp, Andreas Lagg, Louis J Lanzerotti, Stefano Livi, Barry H Mauk, Richard W McEntire, Edmond C Roelof, Berend Wilken, Donald J Williams

Affiliations

  1. Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA. [email protected]

PMID: 11875559 DOI: 10.1038/415994a

Abstract

Several planetary missions have reported the presence of substantial numbers of energetic ions and electrons surrounding Jupiter; relativistic electrons are observable up to several astronomical units (au) from the planet. A population of energetic (>30[?]keV) neutral particles also has been reported, but the instrumentation was not able to determine the mass or charge state of the particles, which were subsequently labelled energetic neutral atoms. Although images showing the presence of the trace element sodium were obtained, the source and identity of the neutral atoms---and their overall significance relative to the loss of charged particles from Jupiter's magnetosphere---were unknown. Here we report the discovery by the Cassini spacecraft of a fast (>103[?]km[?]s-1) and hot magnetospheric neutral wind extending more than 0.5[?]au from Jupiter, and the presence of energetic neutral atoms (both hot and cold) that have been accelerated by the electric field in the solar wind. We suggest that these atoms originate in volcanic gases from Io, undergo significant evolution through various electromagnetic interactions, escape Jupiter's magnetosphere and then populate the environment around the planet. Thus a 'nebula' is created that extends outwards over hundreds of jovian radii.

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