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Schröder HC, Sudek S, Caro S, et al. Synthesis of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid in apoptotic tissue from Suberites domuncula: cell biological, molecular biological, and chemical analyses. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2002;4(6):546-58doi: 10.1007/s10126-002-0028-7.
Schröder, H. C., Sudek, S., Caro, S., Rosa, S., Perovic, S., Steffen, R., Müller, I. M., & Müller, W. E. (2002). Synthesis of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid in apoptotic tissue from Suberites domuncula: cell biological, molecular biological, and chemical analyses. Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.), 4(6), 546-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-002-0028-7
Schröder, Heinz-Christoph, et al. "Synthesis of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid in apoptotic tissue from Suberites domuncula: cell biological, molecular biological, and chemical analyses." Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) vol. 4,6 (2002): 546-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-002-0028-7
Schröder HC, Sudek S, Caro S, Rosa S, Perovic S, Steffen R, Müller IM, Müller WE. Synthesis of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid in apoptotic tissue from Suberites domuncula: cell biological, molecular biological, and chemical analyses. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2002 Dec;4(6):546-58. doi: 10.1007/s10126-002-0028-7. PMID: 14961229.
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Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2002 Dec;4(6):546-58. doi: 10.1007/s10126-002-0028-7.

Synthesis of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid in apoptotic tissue from Suberites domuncula: cell biological, molecular biological, and chemical analyses.

Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)

Heinz-Christoph Schröder, Sebastian Sudek, Salvatore Caro, Salvatore Rosa, Sanja Perovic, Renate Steffen, Isabel M Müller, Werner E G Müller

Affiliations

  1. Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

PMID: 14961229 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-002-0028-7

Abstract

Sessile marine animals, such as sponges, are prone to infection by prokaryotic as well as by eukaryotic attacking organisms. Using the sponge Suberites domuncula we document for the first time that in its apoptotic tissue a toxic compound is produced that very likely controls the elimination of the dying tissue. Apoptosis was induced by exposing the sponges to 2,2'-dipyridyl or by maintaining them under nonaeration conditions. After that treatment at least one eukaryotic epibiont (Bittium sp.) could be found grazing on apoptotic tissue. Cell proliferation assays demonstrated that aqueous extracts from unaffected sponge tissue displayed no cytotoxicity. However, addition of an extract from apoptotic tissue to neuronal cells from rat brain exerted strong toxicity. The underlying compound was identified as quinolinic acid; quantitative determination showed that quinolinic acid is present only in apoptotic tissue (4.8 mg/g dry wet weight). The complementary DNA encoding the key enzyme of the quinolinic acid pathway, 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase, was cloned and characterized. The expression of this gene is up-regulated in apoptotic tissue. These data suggest that a complex molecular network controls apoptotic elimination of sponge tissue, which results in the synthesis of the bioactive compound quinolinic acid that controls the elimination of the tissue, perhaps via differential effects on grazing epibionts.

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