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Colley AL, Williams CG, D'Haenens Johansson U, et al. Examination of the spatially heterogeneous electroactivity of boron-doped diamond microarray electrodes. Anal Chem. 2006;78(8):2539-48doi: 10.1021/ac0520994.
Colley, A. L., Williams, C. G., D'Haenens Johansson, U., Newton, M. E., Unwin, P. R., Wilson, N. R., & Macpherson, J. V. (2006). Examination of the spatially heterogeneous electroactivity of boron-doped diamond microarray electrodes. Analytical chemistry, 78(8), 2539-48. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0520994
Colley, Anna L, et al. "Examination of the spatially heterogeneous electroactivity of boron-doped diamond microarray electrodes." Analytical chemistry vol. 78,8 (2006): 2539-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0520994
Colley AL, Williams CG, D'Haenens Johansson U, Newton ME, Unwin PR, Wilson NR, Macpherson JV. Examination of the spatially heterogeneous electroactivity of boron-doped diamond microarray electrodes. Anal Chem. 2006 Apr 15;78(8):2539-48. doi: 10.1021/ac0520994. PMID: 16615762.
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Anal Chem. 2006 Apr 15;78(8):2539-48. doi: 10.1021/ac0520994.

Examination of the spatially heterogeneous electroactivity of boron-doped diamond microarray electrodes.

Analytical chemistry

Anna L Colley, Cara G Williams, Ulrika D'Haenens Johansson, Mark E Newton, Patrick R Unwin, Neil R Wilson, Julie V Macpherson

Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK.

PMID: 16615762 DOI: 10.1021/ac0520994

Abstract

Spatial variations in the electrical and electrochemical activity of microarray electrodes, fabricated entirely from diamond, have been investigated. The arrays contain approximately 50-mum-diameter boron-doped diamond (BDD) disks spaced 250 mum apart (center to center) in insulating intrinsic diamond supports, such that the BDD regions are coplanar with the intrinsic diamond. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging of the surface reveals a roughness of no more than +/-10 nm over the array. Each BDD microdisk within the array contains polycrystalline BDD with a variety of different grains exposed. Using conducting-AFM, the conductivity of the different grains was found to vary within a BDD microdisk. Electrochemical imaging of the electroactivity of the microdisk electrodes using scanning electrochemical microscopy operating in substrate generation-tip collection mode revealed that, under apparently diffusion-limited steady-state conditions, there was a small variation in the response between electrodes. However, the majority of electrodes in the array appeared to show predominantly metallic behavior. For the electrodes that showed a lower activity, all grains within the microdisk supported electron transfer, albeit at different rates, as evidenced by studies on the electrodeposition of metallic silver, at potentials far negative of the flat band potential of oxygen-terminated polycrystalline diamond. The possibility of using these array electrodes for steady-state diffusion-limited measurements in electroanalytical applications is far-reaching. However, caution should be exercised in the kinetic analysis of voltammetric measurements, since wide variations in the electroactivity of individual grains are apparent when the potential is below the diffusion-limited value.

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