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Benoit TG, Martin DE, Perrin DH. Hot and cold whirlpool treatments and knee joint laxity. J Athl Train. 1996;31(3):242-4
Benoit, T. G., Martin, D. E., & Perrin, D. H. (1996). Hot and cold whirlpool treatments and knee joint laxity. Journal of athletic training, 31(3), 242-4.
Benoit, T G, et al. "Hot and cold whirlpool treatments and knee joint laxity." Journal of athletic training vol. 31,3 (1996): 242-4.
Benoit TG, Martin DE, Perrin DH. Hot and cold whirlpool treatments and knee joint laxity. J Athl Train. 1996 Jul;31(3):242-4. PMID: 16558406; PMCID: PMC1318511.
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J Athl Train. 1996 Jul;31(3):242-4.

Hot and cold whirlpool treatments and knee joint laxity.

Journal of athletic training

T G Benoit, D E Martin, D H Perrin

Affiliations

  1. Thomas G. Benoit is the Head Athletic Trainer at the State University of New York, College of Oneonta. He was a graduate student at the University of Virginia at the time of this study.

PMID: 16558406 PMCID: PMC1318511

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of clinical applications of heat and cold on arthrometric laxity measurements of the knee.

DESIGN AND SETTING: The knee joint was submersed 4 inches above the patella in hot and cold whirlpools containing water of 40 degrees C and 15 degrees C for 20 minutes. A control was also performed to provide a neutral temperature comparison group.

SUBJECTS: Eight males and 7 females with no history of knee injury.

MEASUREMENTS: The knee was maintained at 20 degrees flexion and tibial rotation at either 15 degrees of internal rotation, 15 degrees of external rotation, or a neutral measurement with a modified KT-1000 knee arthrometer equipped with an LCCB-50 strain gauge that allowed for the digital display of the applied distraction forces. Order of testing was counterbalanced. Subjects underwent each condition once, with each trial on separate days. Two 2-factor repeated measure analyses of variance were performed to test effects of temperature on knee laxity for the dependent measure (laxity at 89N and at maximal displacement forces).

RESULTS: There was no thermal effect on displacement at 89N nor at maximal distraction (p > .05). A difference was found with respect to test position, with external rotation showing a greater displacement than internal rotation (p < .05).

CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence that hot or cold whirlpool treatments alter knee laxity as assessed with the KT-1000. Rotation of the tibia does affect the magnitude of displacement of the knee. Further research is needed to determine if these findings can be applied to ACL-deficient or ACL-reconstructed knees.

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