J Athl Train. 2006 Apr-Jun;41(2):146-53.
Functional multijoint position reproduction acuity in overhead-throwing athletes.
Journal of athletic training
Brady L Tripp, Timothy L Uhl, Carl G Mattacola, Cidambi Srinivasan, Robert Shapiro
PMID: 16791298
PMCID: PMC1472653
Abstract
CONTEXT: Baseball players rely on the sensorimotor system to uphold the balance between upper extremity stability and mobility while maintaining athletic performance. However, few researchers have studied functional multijoint measures of sensorimotor acuity in overhead-throwing athletes.
OBJECTIVE: To compare sensorimotor acuity between 2 high-demand functional positions and among planes of motion within individual joints and to describe a novel method of measuring sensorimotor function.
DESIGN: Single-session, repeated-measures design.
SETTING: University musculoskeletal research laboratory.
PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball players (age = 20.8 +/- 1.5 years, height = 181.3 +/- 5.1 cm, mass = 87.8 +/- 9.1 kg) with no history of upper extremity injury or central nervous system disorder.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We measured active multijoint position reproduction acuity in multiple planes using an electromagnetic tracking device. Subjects reproduced 2 positions: arm cock and ball release. We calculated absolute and variable error for individual motions at the scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, elbow, and wrist joints and calculated overall joint acuity with 3-dimensional variable error.
RESULTS: Acuity was significantly better in the arm-cock position compared with ball release at the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints. We observed significant differences among planes of motion within the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints at ball release. Scapulothoracic internal rotation and glenohumeral horizontal abduction and rotation displayed less acuity than other motions.
CONCLUSIONS: We established the reliability of a functional measure of upper extremity sensorimotor system acuity in baseball players. Using this technique, we observed differences in acuity between 2 test positions and among planes of motion within the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints. Clinicians may consider these differences when designing and implementing sensorimotor system training. Our error scores are similar in magnitude to those reported using single-joint and single-plane measures. However, 3-dimensional, multijoint measures allow practical, unconstrained test positions and offer additional insight into the upper extremity as a functional unit.
References
- Orthop Rev. 1994 Jan;23(1):45-50 - PubMed
- Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996 Sep;(330):54-65 - PubMed
- J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995 Apr;21(4):220-6 - PubMed
- J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991 Sep;73(5):833-7 - PubMed
- Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jun;82(6):840-4 - PubMed
- Exp Brain Res. 1999 Mar;125(2):200-10 - PubMed
- Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1996;4(1):19-21 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1997 Sep-Oct;25(5):609-13 - PubMed
- Annu Rev Physiol. 1969;31:451-98 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 2000 Jul-Aug;28(4):587-601 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 2002 Jan-Feb;30(1):20-6 - PubMed
- J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993 Jul;18(1):365-78 - PubMed
- Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2000 Jun;29(6):433-8 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 2003 May-Jun;31(3):431-7 - PubMed
- J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2003 Mar-Apr;12(2):105-9 - PubMed
- Phys Ther. 1989 Feb;69(2):106-12 - PubMed
- Clin J Sport Med. 1996 Jan;6(1):32-9 - PubMed
- Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Oct;31(10):1394-8 - PubMed
- J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994 Jul;76(4):654-9 - PubMed
- J Biomech. 2005 May;38(5):981-992 - PubMed
- Clin J Sport Med. 1998 Apr;8(2):96-101 - PubMed
- J Neurophysiol. 1993 Nov;70(5):2136-47 - PubMed
- Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2003 Mar;11(2):116-21 - PubMed
- Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984;16(1):64-6 - PubMed
- J Athl Train. 2002 Jan;37(1):85-98 - PubMed
- J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1994 Nov;3(6):371-80 - PubMed
- Exp Brain Res. 1995;107(1):73-9 - PubMed
- Arthroscopy. 2002 Sep;18(7):770-8 - PubMed
- J Biomech Eng. 2001 Apr;123(2):184-90 - PubMed
- Sportverletz Sportschaden. 1999 Jun;13(2):38-52 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 1998 Mar-Apr;26(2):262-5 - PubMed
- Exp Brain Res. 2000 Aug;133(3):340-8 - PubMed
- J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1995 Sep-Oct;4(5):384-90 - PubMed
- J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996 Jun;23(6):348-52 - PubMed
- Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996 Sep;(330):35-9 - PubMed
- J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999 Jan-Feb;8(1):11-6 - PubMed
- J Athl Train. 1999 Oct;34(4):362-7 - PubMed
- J Athl Train. 1999 Jul;34(3):277-84 - PubMed
Publication Types