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To CS, Kirsch RF, Kobetic R, et al. The feasibility of a functional neuromuscular stimulation powered mechanical gait orthosis with coordinated joint locking. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;2004:4041-4doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404128.
To, C. S., Kirsch, R. F., Kobetic, R., & Triolo, R. J. (2004). The feasibility of a functional neuromuscular stimulation powered mechanical gait orthosis with coordinated joint locking. Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 20044041-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404128
To, C S, et al. "The feasibility of a functional neuromuscular stimulation powered mechanical gait orthosis with coordinated joint locking." Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference vol. 2004 (2004): 4041-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404128
To CS, Kirsch RF, Kobetic R, Triolo RJ. The feasibility of a functional neuromuscular stimulation powered mechanical gait orthosis with coordinated joint locking. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;2004:4041-4. doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404128. PMID: 17271186.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;2004:4041-4. doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404128.

The feasibility of a functional neuromuscular stimulation powered mechanical gait orthosis with coordinated joint locking.

Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference

C S To, R F Kirsch, R Kobetic, R J Triolo

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

PMID: 17271186 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404128

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of a hybrid orthosis for walking after spinal cord injury (SCI) that coordinates the locking and unlocking of knee and ankle joints of a reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO), while injecting propulsive forces and controlling unlocked joints with functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS). The effectiveness of the hybrid system relative to gait stability and posture were determined in this simulation study. A three-dimensional computer model of a hybrid orthosis system (HOS) combining FNS with a RGO incorporating feedback control of muscle activation and coordinated joint locking was developed in Working Model 3D. The simulated hybrid orthosis system achieved gait speeds, stride lengths, and cadences of 0.51 +/- 0.03 m/s, 0.85 +/- 0.04 m, and 72 +/- 4 steps/min respectively, exceeding the performance of other hybrid systems. Forward trunk tilt was found to be necessary during initial step from standing and pro-swing, but posture and stability were significantly improved over FNS-only systems. The results of the model shows that a HOS that coordinates knee and ankle joint locking with electrical stimulation to the paralyzed muscles holds significant advantages over brace- and FNS-only walking systems in terms of enhanced trunk stability and posture.

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