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Radha AV, Thomas GS, Kamath PV, et al. Suppression of spinel formation to induce reversible thermal behavior in the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Co with Al, Fe, Ga, and In. J Phys Chem B. 2007;111(13):3384-90doi: 10.1021/jp067562a.
Radha, A. V., Thomas, G. S., Kamath, P. V., & Shivakumara, C. (2007). Suppression of spinel formation to induce reversible thermal behavior in the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Co with Al, Fe, Ga, and In. The journal of physical chemistry. B, 111(13), 3384-90. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp067562a
Radha, A V, et al. "Suppression of spinel formation to induce reversible thermal behavior in the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Co with Al, Fe, Ga, and In." The journal of physical chemistry. B vol. 111,13 (2007): 3384-90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp067562a
Radha AV, Thomas GS, Kamath PV, Shivakumara C. Suppression of spinel formation to induce reversible thermal behavior in the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Co with Al, Fe, Ga, and In. J Phys Chem B. 2007 Apr 05;111(13):3384-90. doi: 10.1021/jp067562a. Epub 2007 Mar 14. PMID: 17388504.
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J Phys Chem B. 2007 Apr 05;111(13):3384-90. doi: 10.1021/jp067562a. Epub 2007 Mar 14.

Suppression of spinel formation to induce reversible thermal behavior in the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Co with Al, Fe, Ga, and In.

The journal of physical chemistry. B

A V Radha, Grace S Thomas, P Vishnu Kamath, C Shivakumara

Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Central College, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560 001, India.

PMID: 17388504 DOI: 10.1021/jp067562a

Abstract

The layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Co with trivalent cations decompose irreversibly to yield oxides with the spinel structure. Spinel formation is aided by the oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III) in the ambient atmosphere. When the decomposition is carried out under N2, the oxidation of Co(II) is suppressed, and the resulting oxide has the rock salt structure. Thus, the Co-Al-CO(3)(2-)/Cl- LDHs yield oxides of the type Co(1-x)Al(2x/3) square(x/3)O, which are highly metastable, given the large defect concentration. This defect oxide rapidly reverts back to the original hydroxide on soaking in a Na2CO3 solution. Interlayer NO(3)- anions, on the other hand, decompose generating a highly oxidizing atmosphere, whereby the Co-Al-NO(3)- LDH decomposes to form the spinel phase even in a N2 atmosphere. The oxide with the defect rock salt structure formed by the thermal decomposition of the Co-Fe-CO(3)(2-) LDH under N2, on soaking in a Na(2)CO(3) solution, follows a different kinetic pathway and undergoes a solution transformation into the inverse spinel Co(Co,Fe)(2)O(4). Fe3+ has a low octahedral crystal field stabilization energy and therefore prefers the tetrahedral coordination offered by the structure of the inverse spinel rather than the octahedral coordination of the parent LDH. Similar considerations do not hold in the case of Ga- and In-containing LDHs, given the considerable barriers to the diffusion of M3+ (M=Ga, In) from octahedral to tetrahedral sites owing to their large size. Consequently, the In-containing oxide residue reverts back to the parent hydroxide, whereas this reconstruction is partial in the case of the Ga-containing oxide. These studies show that the reversible thermal behavior offers a competing kinetic pathway to spinel formation. Suppression of the latter induces the reversible behavior in an LDH that otherwise decomposes irreversibly to the spinel.

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