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Billas IM, Châtelain A, de Heer WA. Magnetism from the atom to the bulk in iron, cobalt, and nickel clusters. Science. 1994;265(5179):1682-4doi: 10.1126/science.265.5179.1682.
Billas, I. M., Châtelain, A., & de Heer, W. A. (1994). Magnetism from the atom to the bulk in iron, cobalt, and nickel clusters. Science (New York, N.Y.), 265(5179), 1682-4. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5179.1682
Billas, I M, et al. "Magnetism from the atom to the bulk in iron, cobalt, and nickel clusters." Science (New York, N.Y.) vol. 265,5179 (1994): 1682-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5179.1682
Billas IM, Châtelain A, de Heer WA. Magnetism from the atom to the bulk in iron, cobalt, and nickel clusters. Science. 1994 Sep 16;265(5179):1682-4. doi: 10.1126/science.265.5179.1682. PMID: 17770895.
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Science. 1994 Sep 16;265(5179):1682-4. doi: 10.1126/science.265.5179.1682.

Magnetism from the atom to the bulk in iron, cobalt, and nickel clusters.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

I M Billas, A Châtelain, W A de Heer

PMID: 17770895 DOI: 10.1126/science.265.5179.1682

Abstract

Molecular beam deflection measurements of small iron, cobalt, and nickel clusters show how magnetism develops as the cluster size is increased from several tens to several hundreds of atoms for temperatures between 80 and 1000 K. Ferromagnetism occurs even for the smallest sizes: for clusters with fewer than about 30 atoms the magnetic moments are atomlike; as the size is increased up to 700 atoms, the magnetic moments approach the bulk limit, with oscillations probably caused by surface-induced spin-density waves. The trends are explained in a magnetic shell model. A crystallographic phase transition from high moment to low moment in iron clusters has also been identified.

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