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Spiess FN, Macdonald KC, Atwater T, et al. East pacific rise: hot springs and geophysical experiments. Science. 1980;207(4438):1421-33doi: 10.1126/science.207.4438.1421.
Spiess, F. N., Macdonald, K. C., Atwater, T., Ballard, R., Carranza, A., Cordoba, D., Cox, C., Garcia, V. M., Francheteau, J., Guerrero, J., Hawkins, J., Haymon, R., Hessler, R., Juteau, T., Kastner, M., Larson, R., Luyendyk, B., Macdougall, J. D., Miller, S., Normark, W., Orcutt, J., & Rangin, C. (1980). East pacific rise: hot springs and geophysical experiments. Science (New York, N.Y.), 207(4438), 1421-33. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.207.4438.1421
Spiess, F N, et al. "East pacific rise: hot springs and geophysical experiments." Science (New York, N.Y.) vol. 207,4438 (1980): 1421-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.207.4438.1421
Spiess FN, Macdonald KC, Atwater T, Ballard R, Carranza A, Cordoba D, Cox C, Garcia VM, Francheteau J, Guerrero J, Hawkins J, Haymon R, Hessler R, Juteau T, Kastner M, Larson R, Luyendyk B, Macdougall JD, Miller S, Normark W, Orcutt J, Rangin C. East pacific rise: hot springs and geophysical experiments. Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1421-33. doi: 10.1126/science.207.4438.1421. PMID: 17779602.
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Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1421-33. doi: 10.1126/science.207.4438.1421.

East pacific rise: hot springs and geophysical experiments.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

F N Spiess, K C Macdonald, T Atwater, R Ballard, A Carranza, D Cordoba, C Cox, V M Garcia, J Francheteau, J Guerrero, J Hawkins, R Haymon, R Hessler, T Juteau, M Kastner, R Larson, B Luyendyk, J D Macdougall, S Miller, W Normark, J Orcutt, C Rangin

PMID: 17779602 DOI: 10.1126/science.207.4438.1421

Abstract

Hydrothermal vents jetting out water at 380 degrees +/- 30 degrees C have been discovered on the axis of the East Pacific Rise. The hottest waters issue from mineralized chimneys and are blackened by sulfide precipitates. These hydrothermal springs are the sites of actively forming massive sulfide mineral deposits. Cooler springs are clear to milky and support exotic benthic communities of giant tube worms, clams, and crabs similar to those found at the Galápagos spreading center. Four prototype geophysical experiments were successfully conducted in and near the vent area: seismic refraction measurements with both source (thumper) and receivers on the sea floor, on-bottom gravity measurements, in situ magnetic gradiometer measurements from the submersible Alvin over a sea-floor magnetic reversal boundary, and an active electrical sounding experiment. These high-resolution determinations of crustal properties along the spreading center were made to gain knowledge of the source of new oceanic crust and marine magnetic anomalies, the nature of the axial magma chamber, and the depth of hydrothermal circulation.

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