Mediators Inflamm. 1997;6(3):175-83. doi: 10.1080/09629359791668.
Role of cytokines in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Mediators of inflammation
H S Sharma, D K Das
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Pharmacology Erasmus University Rotterdam The Netherlands.
PMID: 18472818
PMCID: PMC2365828 DOI: 10.1080/09629359791668
Abstract
Mediators of myocardial inflammation, predominantly cytokines, have for many years been implicated in the healing processes after infarction. In recent years, however, more attention has been paid to the possibility that the inflammation may result in deleterious complications for myocardial infarction. The proinflammatory cytokines may mediate myocardial dysfunction associated with myocardial infarction, severe congestive heart failure, and sepsis. A growing body of literature suggests that inflammatory mediators could play a crucial role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, ischemia-reperfusion not only results in the local transcriptional and translational upregulation of cytokines but also leads to tissue infiltration by inflammatory cells. These inflammatory cells are a ready source of a variety of cytokines which could be lethal for the cardiomyocytes. At the cellular level it has been shown that hypoxia causes a series of well documented changes in cardiomyocytes that includes loss of contractility, changes in lipid metabolism and subsequent irreversible cell membrane damage leading to cell death. For instance, hypoxic cardiomyocytes produce interleukin-6 (IL-6) which could contribute to the myocardial dysfunction observed in ischemia reperfusion injury. Ischemia followed by reperfusion induces a number of other multi-potent cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) as well as an angiogenic cytokine/ growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the heart. Intrestingly, these multipotent cytokines (e.g. TNF-alpha) may induce an adaptive cytoprotective response in the reperfused myocardium. In this review, we have included a number of cytokines that may contribute to ventricular dysfunction and/or to the cytoprotective and adaptive changes in the reperfused heart.
References
- Cardiology. 1990;77(5):367-72 - PubMed
- Physiol Rev. 1992 Oct;72(4):1063-81 - PubMed
- Annu Rev Physiol. 1992;54:243-56 - PubMed
- Cardiovasc Res. 1993 Aug;27(8):1421-9 - PubMed
- Arch Pathol. 1960 Jul;70:68-78 - PubMed
- Eur J Immunol. 1988 May;18(5):717-21 - PubMed
- Immunol Lett. 1988 Nov;19(3):183-91 - PubMed
- Mol Cell Biochem. 1996 Apr 12-26;157(1-2):111-6 - PubMed
- Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Jan 25;206(1):53-60 - PubMed
- J Cell Biol. 1988 Oct;107(4):1269-77 - PubMed
- J Clin Invest. 1991 Jan;87(1):139-47 - PubMed
- J Cell Biochem. 1995 Jun;58(2):248-59 - PubMed
- Annu Rev Med. 1994;45:491-503 - PubMed
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):9292-6 - PubMed
- Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Sep 30;793:267-81 - PubMed
- J Clin Invest. 1993 Nov;92(5):2303-12 - PubMed
- Am J Cardiol. 1993 May 15;71(13):1231-2 - PubMed
- Circ Res. 1992 Dec;71(6):1351-60 - PubMed
- Basic Res Cardiol. 1989 Sep-Oct;84(5):524-35 - PubMed
- Circulation. 1990 Sep;82(3):723-38 - PubMed
- Basic Res Cardiol. 1992 Jan-Feb;87(1):12-8 - PubMed
- Biotherapy. 1989;1(4):327-38 - PubMed
- Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Jun 17;723:491-4 - PubMed
- Circ Res. 1985 Feb;56(2):262-78 - PubMed
- Cancer Res. 1990 Nov 15;50(22):7101-7 - PubMed
- J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1992;20 Suppl 1:S23-31 - PubMed
- Cardiovasc Res. 1993 Nov;27(11):2037-43 - PubMed
- Am J Physiol. 1994 Nov;267(5 Pt 2):H1753-8 - PubMed
- J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995 Jan;27(1):121-31 - PubMed
- Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1986;26:201-24 - PubMed
- Cardiovasc Res. 1988 Jan;22(1):37-41 - PubMed
- EMBO J. 1990 May;9(5):1503-10 - PubMed
- Arch Surg. 1992 Feb;127(2):138-44; discussion 144-5 - PubMed
- FEBS Lett. 1989 Dec 4;258(2):269-73 - PubMed
- Circ Res. 1990 Apr;66(4):1133-42 - PubMed
- J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct;110(4 Pt 1):1047-53 - PubMed
- FASEB J. 1988 Aug;2(11):2702-6 - PubMed
- Circ Res. 1990 Apr;66(4):913-31 - PubMed
- Basic Res Cardiol. 1986 Mar-Apr;81(2):155-66 - PubMed
- Science. 1990 Jul 6;249(4964):61-4 - PubMed
- J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 5;267(16):10931-4 - PubMed
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Dec 16;181(2):520-3 - PubMed
- N Engl J Med. 1981 Feb 26;304(9):497-503 - PubMed
- J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991;17 Suppl 2:S117-8 - PubMed
- J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1989 Dec;98(6):1100-6 - PubMed
- Circulation. 1994 Aug;90(2):694-9 - PubMed
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 30;184(2):1056-9 - PubMed
- Am J Pathol. 1995 Feb;146(2):419-28 - PubMed
- FASEB J. 1990 Aug;4(11):2860-7 - PubMed
- Immunol Res. 1992;11(2):81-90 - PubMed
- Cardiovasc Res. 1993 Aug;27(8):1486-90 - PubMed
- J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1992 Feb;24(2):113-24 - PubMed
- J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1987 Jun;93(6):860-6 - PubMed
- Science. 1987 Sep 11;237(4820):1333-6 - PubMed
- J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1986 Sep;18(9):953-61 - PubMed
- J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Oct;108(4):626-35 - PubMed
- Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1988;22(1):51-3 - PubMed
- Br J Pharmacol. 1992 Mar;105(3):575-80 - PubMed
- Bioessays. 1990 Jan;12(1):22-6 - PubMed
- Int J Immunopharmacol. 1993 Jul;15(5):581-7 - PubMed
- FASEB J. 1988 Feb;2(2):108-15 - PubMed
- J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1992 Jun;24(6):579-84 - PubMed
- J Clin Invest. 1988 Apr;81(4):1162-72 - PubMed
- Circulation. 1995 Mar 1;91(5):1520-4 - PubMed
- J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995 Aug;27(8):1669-78 - PubMed
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4167-71 - PubMed
- J Clin Invest. 1991 Apr;87(4):1312-21 - PubMed
- Circ Res. 1993 Nov;73(5):783-91 - PubMed
- Circulation. 1994 Jul;90(1):375-83 - PubMed
- Neuroreport. 1992 Jun;3(6):519-20 - PubMed
- Cell Tissue Res. 1989 Jun;256(3):553-8 - PubMed
- J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 4;269(44):27580-8 - PubMed
- J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1991 Sep;23(9):1051-62 - PubMed
- Biochem Pharmacol. 1991 Sep 12;42(7):1323-7 - PubMed
- Trends Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;2(4):98-103 - PubMed
- J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Oct 6;85(19):1558-70 - PubMed
- J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1996 Jun;28(6):1261-70 - PubMed
- Circulation. 1996 Feb 15;93(4):704-11 - PubMed
- J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995 Jan;27(1):45-52 - PubMed
- Annu Rev Biochem. 1992;61:761-807 - PubMed
- Mol Cell Biochem. 1995 Mar 9;144(1):67-74 - PubMed
- Mol Cell Biochem. 1996 Jul-Aug;160-161:217-24 - PubMed
- J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995 Oct;27(10):2091-9 - PubMed
- J Immunol. 1986 Jun 15;136(12):4509-14 - PubMed
- Eur Heart J. 1990 Sep;11(9):800-13 - PubMed
- Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:799-839 - PubMed
- J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 5;267(25):17997-8001 - PubMed
- Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1994 Jun;8(3):461-8 - PubMed
- Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Jun 17;723:258-70 - PubMed
- Clin Chem. 1990 Jul;36(7):1269-81 - PubMed
- Cardiovasc Res. 1993 Apr;27(4):578-84 - PubMed
- J Clin Invest. 1990 Mar;85(3):731-8 - PubMed
- J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;23(4):647-52 - PubMed
- J Cell Biochem. 1995 Feb;57(2):321-30 - PubMed
Publication Types