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Schmidt JB, Schaefer ZD, Meyer TR, et al. Ultrafast time-gated ballistic-photon imaging and shadowgraphy in optically dense rocket sprays. Appl Opt. 2009;48(4):B137-44doi: 10.1364/ao.48.00b137.
Schmidt, J. B., Schaefer, Z. D., Meyer, T. R., Roy, S., Danczyk, S. A., & Gord, J. R. (2009). Ultrafast time-gated ballistic-photon imaging and shadowgraphy in optically dense rocket sprays. Applied optics, 48(4), B137-44. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.48.00b137
Schmidt, Jacob B, et al. "Ultrafast time-gated ballistic-photon imaging and shadowgraphy in optically dense rocket sprays." Applied optics vol. 48,4 (2009): B137-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.48.00b137
Schmidt JB, Schaefer ZD, Meyer TR, Roy S, Danczyk SA, Gord JR. Ultrafast time-gated ballistic-photon imaging and shadowgraphy in optically dense rocket sprays. Appl Opt. 2009 Feb 01;48(4):B137-44. doi: 10.1364/ao.48.00b137. PMID: 19183571.
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Appl Opt. 2009 Feb 01;48(4):B137-44. doi: 10.1364/ao.48.00b137.

Ultrafast time-gated ballistic-photon imaging and shadowgraphy in optically dense rocket sprays.

Applied optics

Jacob B Schmidt, Zane D Schaefer, Terrence R Meyer, Sukesh Roy, Stephen A Danczyk, James R Gord

Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

PMID: 19183571 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.00b137

Abstract

Time-gated ballistic-photon imaging is a form of shadowgraphy in which an ultrashort, optical-Kerr-effect (order 2 ps) time gate is used to enhance the relative intensity of ballistic versus multiply scattered photons. In the current work, this technique is adapted for what is believed to be the first time for use in the moderately dense environment (optical density approximately 1.5 to 2) of a high-speed 5 to 15 mm diameter rocket spray to improve image contrast and observe liquid-breakup phenomena. Unlike coherence gating, which is another form of ballistic imaging, the time-gating approach allows sufficient signal levels from ballistic and near-ballistic photons to enable time-resolved single-shot imaging. Direct comparisons with non-time-gated shadowgraphy indicate that the two techniques are sensitive to different features of the flowfield, with regions composed of a dense field of droplets being highly attenuated in conventional shadowgrams but appearing transparent to ballistic photons. This enables significant image contrast enhancement (approximately 6.6:1) of liquid-core structures and facilitates improved understanding of the primary and secondary breakup processes in sprays of moderate optical density.

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