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Pain Manag Nurs. 2008 Mar;9(1):S11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2007.11.006.

Assessment, physiological monitoring, and consequences of inadequately treated acute pain.

Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses

Colleen J Dunwoody, Dina A Krenzischek, Chris Pasero, James P Rathmell, Rosemary C Polomano

Affiliations

  1. UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

PMID: 18294590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2007.11.006

Abstract

Postoperative pain is a major health care issue. Several factors have contributed to inadequate postoperative pain control, including a lack of understanding of preemptive pain management strategies, mistaken beliefs and expectations of patients, inconsistencies in pain assessment practices, use of as-needed analgesics that patients must request, and lack of analgesic regimens that account for interindividual differences and requirements. Untreated acute pain has the potential to produce acute neurohumoral changes, neuronal remodeling, and long-lasting psychologic and emotional distress and may lead to prolonged chronic pain states. To effectively manage postoperative pain, nurses must be able to adequately assess pain severity in diverse patient populations, understand how to monitor physiologic changes associated with pain and its treatment, be prepared to address the psychosocial experiences accompanying pain, and know the consequences of inadequate analgesia. It is important for nurses to be aware of relevant research and evidence-based guidelines that are available to guide pain assessments and patient monitoring practices.

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