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Langmuir. 2010 Jan 19;26(2):967-81. doi: 10.1021/la902440u.

Sorption of aqueous Zn[II] and Cd[II] by multiwall carbon nanotubes: the relative roles of oxygen-containing functional groups and graphenic carbon.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

Hyun-Hee Cho, Kevin Wepasnick, Billy A Smith, Fazlullah K Bangash, D Howard Fairbrother, William P Ball

Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.

PMID: 19894751 DOI: 10.1021/la902440u

Abstract

Exposure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to oxidizing acids and other oxidants introduces oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups onto the surface. This research evaluated how changes in oxygen concentration and distribution of oxygen-containing functional groups influenced the sorption of aqueous zinc and cadmium on MWCNTs. Sorption results with natural char, activated carbon, and a suite of MWCNTs (of varying surface oxygen content) were obtained. Results confirmed that surface oxygen enhances the sorption of both Zn[II] and Cd[II] from aqueous solution. Although Zn[II] sorbed more strongly than Cd[II] for all materials studied, surface oxidation had more effect on the sorption of Cd[II] than of Zn[II]. Additional sorption experiments with Zn[II] and 16 MWCNTs of varying surface oxidation level and functional group distribution revealed the relative contributions of different types of surface sites to sorption. Sorption isotherms were fit using a two-site Langmuir adsorption model that incorporated the independent characterization of functional group distribution. Results showed that carboxyl-carbon sites were over 20 times more energetic for zinc sorption than unoxidized carbon (graphenic-carbon) sites, though both site types are important contributors to sorption.

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