Display options
Cite
Kernt M, Kampik A. Endophthalmitis: Pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management, and perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010;4:121-35doi: 10.2147/opth.s6461.
Kernt, M., & Kampik, A. (2010). Endophthalmitis: Pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management, and perspectives. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 4121-35. https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s6461
Kernt, M, and Kampik, A. "Endophthalmitis: Pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management, and perspectives." Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) vol. 4 (2010): 121-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s6461
Kernt M, Kampik A. Endophthalmitis: Pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management, and perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010 Mar 24;4:121-35. doi: 10.2147/opth.s6461. PMID: 20390032; PMCID: PMC2850824.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Clin Ophthalmol. 2010 Mar 24;4:121-35. doi: 10.2147/opth.s6461.

Endophthalmitis: Pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management, and perspectives.

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

M Kernt, A Kampik

Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.

PMID: 20390032 PMCID: PMC2850824 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s6461

Abstract

Endophthalmitis is a rare but sight-threatening complication that can occur after ocular surgery or trauma or as a consequence of systemic infection. To optimize visual outcome, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Over recent decades, advances in hygienic standards, improved microbiologic and surgical techniques, development of powerful antimicrobial drugs, and the introduction of intravitreal antibiotic therapy have led to a decreased incidence and improved management of endophthalmitis. However, endophthalmitis still represents a serious clinical problem. This review focuses on current principles and techniques for evaluation and treatment of endophthalmitis. In addition, it addresses recent developments regarding antimicrobial treatment and prophylaxis of infectious endophthalmitis.

Keywords: antibiotics; caspofungin; endophthalmitis; intravitreal; moxifloxacin; victrectomy; voriconazole

References

  1. Ophthalmology. 1999 Jan;106(1):80-5 - PubMed
  2. Arch Intern Med. 1989 Oct;149(10):2226-8 - PubMed
  3. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008 Mar;2(1):139-45 - PubMed
  4. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Jan 15;38(2):161-89 - PubMed
  5. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1994 Jan-Mar;4(1):1-5 - PubMed
  6. Int Ophthalmol. 2010 Feb;30(1):103-7 - PubMed
  7. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1991 Feb;198(2):94-8 - PubMed
  8. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999 Apr;25(4):540-5 - PubMed
  9. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1994 May;22(2):105-10 - PubMed
  10. N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 18;340(7):493-501 - PubMed
  11. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2004 Aug;2(4):485-97 - PubMed
  12. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2005;103:76-81; discussion 81-3 - PubMed
  13. Ophthalmology. 2006 Jun;113(6):955-9 - PubMed
  14. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1998 Feb;26(1):5-12 - PubMed
  15. Ophthalmology. 1997 Nov;104(11):1768-72 - PubMed
  16. Ophthalmology. 2008 Sep;115(9):1501-7, 1507.e1-2 - PubMed
  17. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 2002 Sep-Oct;33(5):373-8 - PubMed
  18. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Mar 1;48(5):503-35 - PubMed
  19. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999 Oct;83(10):1199-200 - PubMed
  20. Ophthalmology. 2000 Jun;107(6):1047-51; discussion 1051-2 - PubMed
  21. Retina. 2001;21(3):203-9 - PubMed
  22. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Aug 1;41(3):e27-8 - PubMed
  23. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2002 Feb;13(1):14-8 - PubMed
  24. Ophthalmology. 1995 Nov;102(11):1696-701 - PubMed
  25. Retina. 2006 Feb;26(2):225-7 - PubMed
  26. Mycoses. 2002;45 Suppl 3:56-60 - PubMed
  27. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008 Feb;246(2):181-6 - PubMed
  28. J Infect Dis. 1990 Jul;162(1):115-20 - PubMed
  29. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2001 Dec;14(4):661-74, ix - PubMed
  30. Ophthalmology. 2002 May;109(5):985-91 - PubMed
  31. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 May;137(5):820-5 - PubMed
  32. Retina. 2005 Sep;25(6):751-8 - PubMed
  33. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006 Jun;12(6):519-26 - PubMed
  34. Ophthalmology. 1998 Jun;105(6):1004-10 - PubMed
  35. Retina. 2009 Mar;29(3):362-70 - PubMed
  36. J Med Vet Mycol. 1994;32(4):235-56 - PubMed
  37. Retina. 2003 Feb;23(1):118-9 - PubMed
  38. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1997 Mar;28(3):185-94 - PubMed
  39. Retina. 2004 Oct;24(5):676-98 - PubMed
  40. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Oct;36(10):2950-6 - PubMed
  41. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Nov;136(5):791-6 - PubMed
  42. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003 Jul-Aug;48(4):403-23 - PubMed
  43. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Aug;114(8):943-9 - PubMed
  44. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Nov;142(5):721-5 - PubMed
  45. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004 Jan;122(1):42-7 - PubMed
  46. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998 Nov;82(11):1312-5 - PubMed
  47. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Feb;126(2):235-9 - PubMed
  48. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984 Apr;102(4):547-50 - PubMed
  49. Cornea. 2009 Jun;28(5):553-61 - PubMed
  50. Arch Ophthalmol. 1971 Apr;85(4):410-6 - PubMed
  51. Ophthalmology. 2008 Mar;115(3):473-6 - PubMed
  52. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000 Jul;118(7):939-44 - PubMed
  53. Ophthalmology. 1999 Jul;106(7):1313-8 - PubMed
  54. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008 Mar;34(3):480-8 - PubMed
  55. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998 Jun;24(6):725-6 - PubMed
  56. Indian J Med Sci. 2006 Nov;60(11):454-60 - PubMed
  57. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Apr;41(4):1440-6 - PubMed
  58. J Assoc Physicians India. 2006 Dec;54:943-8 - PubMed
  59. Br J Ophthalmol. 1997 Nov;81(11):965-71 - PubMed
  60. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Sep;140(3):552-4 - PubMed
  61. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003 Jul;29(7):1370-2 - PubMed
  62. Ophthalmology. 1987 Apr;94(4):407-13 - PubMed
  63. Ophthalmologica. 1998;212(3):184-7 - PubMed
  64. Ophthalmology. 2000 Mar;107(3):486-9 - PubMed
  65. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1996 Summer;36(3):87-96 - PubMed
  66. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jan;143(1):151-3 - PubMed
  67. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Sep;136(3):500-5 - PubMed
  68. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995 Feb;119(2):181-8 - PubMed
  69. Ophthalmology. 1998 Apr;105(4):707-16 - PubMed
  70. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Dec;122(6):830-46 - PubMed
  71. Ophthalmologica. 1999;213(4):265-8 - PubMed
  72. Ophthalmology. 2006 Jul;113(7):1184-6 - PubMed
  73. Eye (Lond). 2007 Jul;21(7):990-4 - PubMed
  74. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995 Dec;113(12):1479-96 - PubMed
  75. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998 Apr;30(4):251-5 - PubMed
  76. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Mar 1;40(5):e46-8 - PubMed
  77. Ophthalmology. 1993 Oct;100(10):1468-74 - PubMed
  78. Retina. 2008 Jan;28(1):138-42 - PubMed
  79. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Apr;47(4):1606-11 - PubMed
  80. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999 Aug;128(2):240-2 - PubMed
  81. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007 Jun;33(6):978-88 - PubMed
  82. Ophthalmology. 1996 Apr;103(4):650-6 - PubMed
  83. Retina. 2004 Jun;24(3):383-90 - PubMed
  84. Ophthalmology. 2000 Jun;107(6):1042-6 - PubMed
  85. Toxicology. 2009 Apr 28;258(2-3):84-93 - PubMed
  86. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Sep;140(3):497-504 - PubMed
  87. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Aug;132(2):244-51 - PubMed
  88. Ophthalmologe. 2000 Jan;97(1):33-7 - PubMed
  89. Retina. 1989;9(4):263-6 - PubMed
  90. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2005 Mar;205(3):223-9 - PubMed
  91. Ophthalmology. 1990 May;97(5):666-72; disc: 672-4 - PubMed
  92. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jun;137(6):1120-1 - PubMed
  93. Ophthalmology. 2000 Apr;107(4):685-90 - PubMed
  94. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005 Sep;243(9):951-4 - PubMed
  95. Adv Ther. 2003 Sep-Oct;20(5):246-52 - PubMed
  96. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004 Nov;23(11):805-12 - PubMed
  97. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jan;137(1):38-42 - PubMed
  98. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Jan;123(1):39-44 - PubMed
  99. J Hosp Infect. 2003 May;54(1):18-24 - PubMed
  100. Ophthalmology. 2000 Aug;107(8):1483-91 - PubMed
  101. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2009 May-Jun;19(3):478-80 - PubMed
  102. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007 Dec;85(8):852-6 - PubMed
  103. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1997 Jan;28(1):43-9 - PubMed
  104. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999 Sep;83(9):1050-5 - PubMed
  105. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Jan;139(1):135-40 - PubMed
  106. Retina. 2008 Mar;28(3):473-6 - PubMed
  107. Curr Eye Res. 2007 Apr;32(4):337-44 - PubMed
  108. Can J Ophthalmol. 2009 Jun;44(3):279-83 - PubMed
  109. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Aug;136(2):300-5 - PubMed
  110. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 May;87(5):574-6 - PubMed
  111. Ophthalmology. 2004 Nov;111(11):2015-22 - PubMed
  112. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Oct;41(11):3474-9 - PubMed
  113. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992 May 15;113(5):593-5 - PubMed
  114. Ophthalmology. 1999 Oct;106(10):1869-77 - PubMed
  115. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002 May;28(5):729-30 - PubMed
  116. Ophthalmology. 1988 Jul;95(7):911-6 - PubMed
  117. Eye (Lond). 2000 Feb;14 ( Pt 1):30-4 - PubMed
  118. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003 Mar;82(2):97-105 - PubMed
  119. Optom Vis Sci. 2004 Jul;81(7):499-504 - PubMed
  120. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Oct;138(4):663-4 - PubMed
  121. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Nov;132(5):609-17 - PubMed
  122. Ophthalmology. 1997 May;104(5):746-52 - PubMed
  123. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007 Jun;245(6):825-33 - PubMed
  124. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993 Apr;111(4):492-4 - PubMed
  125. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 May;123(5):613-20 - PubMed
  126. Ophthalmology. 1994 May;101(5):832-8 - PubMed
  127. Ophthalmology. 1994 Jul;101(7):1302-9 - PubMed
  128. Ophthalmology. 1994 Jan;101(1):100-5; discussion 106 - PubMed
  129. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2000 Jun;48(2):123-8 - PubMed
  130. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973 Oct;76(4):578-83 - PubMed
  131. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004 Nov;122(11):1687-92 - PubMed
  132. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Jan;133(1):62-9 - PubMed
  133. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2006 May-Jun;69(3):431-4 - PubMed
  134. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2006 Aug;4(4):675-85 - PubMed
  135. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Aug;38(8):2902-8 - PubMed
  136. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Aug;138(2):231-6 - PubMed
  137. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 Jul;52(1):71-7 - PubMed
  138. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003 Sep;241(9):730-3 - PubMed
  139. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003 Jan;29(1):20-6 - PubMed
  140. Ophthalmology. 1998 Dec;105(12):2171-7 - PubMed
  141. Med J Malaysia. 2003 Aug;58(3):405-12 - PubMed
  142. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 1;37(5):634-43 - PubMed
  143. Ophthalmology. 1989 Mar;96(3):367-74 - PubMed
  144. Ophthalmology. 1985 Sep;92(9):1249-55 - PubMed
  145. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2002;100:67-70; discussion 70-1 - PubMed
  146. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jun;42(6):1387-91 - PubMed
  147. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2004 Aug;221(8):629-35 - PubMed
  148. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005 Dec;243(12):1200-5 - PubMed
  149. Ophthalmology. 1991 Feb;98(2):227-38 - PubMed
  150. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003 May;82(3):187-202 - PubMed
  151. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992 Jun;110(6):798-801 - PubMed
  152. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007 Sep;125(9):1292-3 - PubMed
  153. In Vivo. 2006 Jan-Feb;20(1):169-71 - PubMed
  154. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990 Jan;31(1):181-6 - PubMed
  155. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995 Oct;79(10):888-91 - PubMed
  156. Dig Dis Sci. 1986 Jan;31(1):21-6 - PubMed
  157. Ophthalmology. 1991 Jul;98(7):1053-60 - PubMed
  158. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Mar;123(3):341-6 - PubMed
  159. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005 Dec;243(12):1197-9 - PubMed
  160. Surv Ophthalmol. 1986 Sep-Oct;31(2):81-101 - PubMed
  161. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1996 May;24(2):143-6 - PubMed
  162. Am J Ophthalmol. 1986 Mar 15;101(3):332-41 - PubMed
  163. Surv Ophthalmol. 1998 Nov-Dec;43(3):193-224 - PubMed
  164. Ophthalmology. 2000 Dec;107(12):2162-6 - PubMed
  165. Eye (Lond). 2008 Oct;22(10):1290-300 - PubMed
  166. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2001 Dec;12(6):464-70 - PubMed
  167. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993 Jul 15;116(1):56-62 - PubMed
  168. Ophthalmologe. 2010 Aug;107(8):720-7 - PubMed
  169. Cornea. 2006 Feb;25(2):242-4 - PubMed
  170. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 Apr;89(4):454-8 - PubMed

Publication Types