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Schendel JS, Stickel RE, Vandijk CA, et al. Atmospheric ammonia measurement using a VUV/photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence technique. Appl Opt. 1990;29(33):4924-37doi: 10.1364/AO.29.004924.
Schendel, J. S., Stickel, R. E., Vandijk, C. A., Sandholm, S. T., Davis, D. D., & Bradshaw, J. D. (1990). Atmospheric ammonia measurement using a VUV/photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence technique. Applied optics, 29(33), 4924-37. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.29.004924
Schendel, J S, et al. "Atmospheric ammonia measurement using a VUV/photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence technique." Applied optics vol. 29,33 (1990): 4924-37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.29.004924
Schendel JS, Stickel RE, Vandijk CA, Sandholm ST, Davis DD, Bradshaw JD. Atmospheric ammonia measurement using a VUV/photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence technique. Appl Opt. 1990 Nov 20;29(33):4924-37. doi: 10.1364/AO.29.004924. PMID: 20577487.
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Appl Opt. 1990 Nov 20;29(33):4924-37. doi: 10.1364/AO.29.004924.

Atmospheric ammonia measurement using a VUV/photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence technique.

Applied optics

J S Schendel, R E Stickel, C A Vandijk, S T Sandholm, D D Davis, J D Bradshaw

PMID: 20577487 DOI: 10.1364/AO.29.004924

Abstract

Vacuum ultraviolet/photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence has been demonstrated to be a highly specific and sensitive method for the quantitative measurement of atmospheric ammonia (NH(3)). The fluorescence detected in this approach results from the two 193-nm photon photofragmentation step NH(3)?NH(2)? NH(b(1)Sigma(+)) followed by the excitation of the NH(b(1)Sigma(+)) NH(c(1)Pi) transition via a 450-nm photon with final emission being observed from the NH(c(1) Pi) NH(a(1)Delta) transition at 325 nm. Limits of detection for the instrumentpresented here are < 10 pptv and < 4 pptv for 1- and 5-min integration periods, respectively, in ambient sampling conditions. The technique is free from interferences and system performance does not significantly degrade in adverse sampling conditions (i.e., rain, fog, clouds, haze, etc.). Spectroscopic selectivity in the NH(b(1)Sigma(+))?NH(c(1)Pi) transition is sufficient to resolve (15)NH(3) and (14)NH(3) contributions for use in atmospheric tracer studies. Average ammonia measurements at Stone Mountain, GA, ranged from approximately 110 pptv for air temperatures <5 degrees C to approximately 240 pptv for air temperatures >/=<5 degrees C over the period from Dec. 1987 to the end of Apr. 1988.

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