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Costantino DJ, Bartell J, Scheidler K, et al. Low-velocity granular drag in reduced gravity. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011;83(1):011305doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.011305.
Costantino, D. J., Bartell, J., Scheidler, K., & Schiffer, P. (2011). Low-velocity granular drag in reduced gravity. Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 83(1), 011305. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.011305
Costantino, D J, et al. "Low-velocity granular drag in reduced gravity." Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics vol. 83,1 (2011): 011305. doi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.011305
Costantino DJ, Bartell J, Scheidler K, Schiffer P. Low-velocity granular drag in reduced gravity. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Jan;83(1):011305. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.011305. Epub 2011 Jan 31. PMID: 21405691.
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Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Jan;83(1):011305. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.011305. Epub 2011 Jan 31.

Low-velocity granular drag in reduced gravity.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics

D J Costantino, J Bartell, K Scheidler, P Schiffer

Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

PMID: 21405691 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.011305

Abstract

We probe the dependence of the low-velocity drag force in granular materials on the effective gravitational acceleration (g(eff)) through studies of spherical granular materials saturated within fluids of varying density. We vary g(eff) by a factor of 20, and we find that the granular drag is proportional to g(eff), i.e. that the granular drag, F(probe), on a vertical cylinder follows the expected relation F(probe)=ηρ(grain)g(eff)d(probe)h(probe)(2) where the drag is related to the probe's depth of insertion, h(probe); the probe's diameter, d(probe); the grain material's density, ρ(grain); and a dimensionless constant, η. The dimensionless constant shows no systematic variation over four orders of magnitude in effective grain weight, demonstrating that the relation holds over that entire range to within the precision of our data.

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