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Held RT, Cooper EA, O'Brien JF, et al. Using Blur to Affect Perceived Distance and Size. ACM Trans Graph. 2010;29(2)doi: 10.1145/1731047.1731057.
Held, R. T., Cooper, E. A., O'Brien, J. F., & Banks, M. S. (2010). Using Blur to Affect Perceived Distance and Size. ACM transactions on graphics, 29(2), . https://doi.org/10.1145/1731047.1731057
Held, Robert T, et al. "Using Blur to Affect Perceived Distance and Size." ACM transactions on graphics vol. 29,2 (2010). doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/1731047.1731057
Held RT, Cooper EA, O'Brien JF, Banks MS. Using Blur to Affect Perceived Distance and Size. ACM Trans Graph. 2010 Mar 01;29(2). doi: 10.1145/1731047.1731057. PMID: 21552429; PMCID: PMC3088122.
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ACM Trans Graph. 2010 Mar 01;29(2). doi: 10.1145/1731047.1731057.

Using Blur to Affect Perceived Distance and Size.

ACM transactions on graphics

Robert T Held, Emily A Cooper, James F O'Brien, Martin S Banks

Affiliations

  1. University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.

PMID: 21552429 PMCID: PMC3088122 DOI: 10.1145/1731047.1731057

Abstract

We present a probabilistic model of how viewers may use defocus blur in conjunction with other pictorial cues to estimate the absolute distances to objects in a scene. Our model explains how the pattern of blur in an image together with relative depth cues indicates the apparent scale of the image's contents. From the model, we develop a semiautomated algorithm that applies blur to a sharply rendered image and thereby changes the apparent distance and scale of the scene's contents. To examine the correspondence between the model/algorithm and actual viewer experience, we conducted an experiment with human viewers and compared their estimates of absolute distance to the model's predictions. We did this for images with geometrically correct blur due to defocus and for images with commonly used approximations to the correct blur. The agreement between the experimental data and model predictions was excellent. The model predicts that some approximations should work well and that others should not. Human viewers responded to the various types of blur in much the way the model predicts. The model and algorithm allow one to manipulate blur precisely and to achieve the desired perceived scale efficiently.

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