Front Mol Neurosci. 2011 Jul 25;4:11. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00011. eCollection 2011.
The role of insulin-like growth factor-I in the physiopathology of hearing.
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
Silvia Murillo-Cuesta, Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa, Rafael Cediel, Luis Lassaletta, Isabel Varela-Nieto
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Servicio de Evaluación Neurofuncional no Invasiva, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain.
PMID: 21845174
PMCID: PMC3146045 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00011
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) belongs to the family of polypeptides of insulin, which play a central role in embryonic development and adult nervous system homeostasis by endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine mechanisms. IGF-I is fundamental for the regulation of cochlear development, growth, and differentiation, and its mutations are associated with hearing loss in mice and men. Low levels of IGF-I have been shown to correlate with different human syndromes showing hearing loss and with presbyacusis. Animal models are fundamental to understand the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that contribute to human hearing loss. In the mouse, IGF-I serum levels decrease with aging and there is a concomitant hearing loss and retinal degeneration. In the Igf1(-/-) null mouse, hearing loss is due to neuronal loss, poor innervation of the sensory hair cells, and age-related stria vascularis alterations. In the inner ear, IGF-I actions are mediated by intracellular signaling networks, RAF, AKT, and p38 MAPK protein kinases modulate the expression and activity of transcription factors, as AP1, MEF2, FoxM1, and FoxP3, leading to the regulation of cell cycle and metabolism. Therapy with rhIGF-I has been approved in humans for the treatment of poor linear growth and certain neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss these findings and their implications in new IGF-I-based treatments for the protection or repair of hearing loss.
Keywords: IGF1R signaling; animal models; deafness; human genetics; insulin-like factors; organ of Corti
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