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Suarez-Kurtz G. Pharmacogenetics in the brazilian population. Front Pharmacol. 2010;1:118doi: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00118.
Suarez-Kurtz, G. (2010). Pharmacogenetics in the brazilian population. Frontiers in pharmacology, 1118. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2010.00118
Suarez-Kurtz, Guilherme. "Pharmacogenetics in the brazilian population." Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 1 (2010): 118. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2010.00118
Suarez-Kurtz G. Pharmacogenetics in the brazilian population. Front Pharmacol. 2010 Oct 04;1:118. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00118. eCollection 2010. PMID: 21833165; PMCID: PMC3153000.
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Front Pharmacol. 2010 Oct 04;1:118. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00118. eCollection 2010.

Pharmacogenetics in the brazilian population.

Frontiers in pharmacology

Guilherme Suarez-Kurtz

Affiliations

  1. Divisão de Farmacologia, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

PMID: 21833165 PMCID: PMC3153000 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00118

Abstract

Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and its present population, in excess of 190;million, is highly heterogeneous, as a result of centuries of admixture between Amerindians, Europeans, and Sub-Saharan Africans. The estimated individual proportions of biogeographical ancestry vary widely and continuously among Brazilians: most individuals, irrespective of self-identification as White, Brown or Black - the major categories of the Brazilian Census "race/color" system - have significant degrees of European and African ancestry, while a sizeable number display also Amerindian ancestry. These features have important pharmacogenetic (PGx) implications: first, extrapolation of PGx data from relatively well-defined ethnic groups is clearly not applicable to the majority of Brazilians; second, the frequency distribution of polymorphisms in pharmacogenes (e.g., CYP3A5, CYP2C9, GSTM1, ABCB1, GSTM3, VKORC, etc) varies continuously among Brazilians and is not captured by race/color self-identification; third, the intrinsic heterogeneity of the Brazilian population must be acknowledged in the design and interpretation of PGx studies in order to avoid spurious conclusions based on improper matching of study cohorts. The peculiarities of PGx in Brazilians are illustrated with data for different therapeutic groups, such as anticoagulants, HIV protease inhibitors and non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs, and the challenges and advantages created by population admixture for the study and implementation of PGx are discussed. PGx data for Amerindian groups and Brazilian-born, first-generation Japanese are presented to illustrate the rich diversity of the Brazilian population. Finally, I introduce the reader to the Brazilian Pharmacogenetic Network or Refargen, a nation-wide consortium of research groups, with the mission to provide leadership in PGx research and education in Brazil, with a population health impact.

Keywords: Brazilian pharmacogenetic network; HIV protease inhibitors; biogeographical ancestry; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; population admixture; warfarin

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