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Reinberg A, Ashkenazi I. Concepts in human biological rhythms. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2003;5(4):327-42
Reinberg, A., & Ashkenazi, I. (2003). Concepts in human biological rhythms. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 5(4), 327-42.
Reinberg, Alain, and Ashkenazi, Israel. "Concepts in human biological rhythms." Dialogues in clinical neuroscience vol. 5,4 (2003): 327-42.
Reinberg A, Ashkenazi I. Concepts in human biological rhythms. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2003 Dec;5(4):327-42. PMID: 22033796; PMCID: PMC3181781.
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Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2003 Dec;5(4):327-42.

Concepts in human biological rhythms.

Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

Alain Reinberg, Israel Ashkenazi

Affiliations

  1. Unité de Chronobiologie, Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.

PMID: 22033796 PMCID: PMC3181781

Abstract

Biological rhythms and their temporal organization are adaptive phenomena to periodic changes in environmental factors linked to the earth's rotation on its axis and around the sun. Experimental data from the plant and animal kingdoms have led to many models and concepts related to biological clocks that help describe and understand the mechanisms of these changes. Many of the prevailing concepts apply to all organisms, but most of the experimental data are insufficient to explain the dynamics of human biological clocks. This review presents phenomena thai are mainly characteristic ofand unique to - human chronobiology, and which cannot be fully explained by concepts and models drawn from laboratory experiments. We deal with the functional advantages of the human temporal organization and the problem of desynchronization, with special reference to the period (τ) of the circadian rhythm and its interindividual and intraindividual variability. We describe the differences between right- and left-hand rhythms suggesting the existence of different biological clocks in the right and left cortices, Desynchronization of rhythms is rather frequent (one example is night shift workers). In some individuals, desynchronization causes no clinical symptoms and we propose the concept of "allochronism" to designate a variant of the human temporal organization with no pathological implications. We restrict the term "dyschronism" to changes or alterations in temporal organization associated with a set of symptoms similar to those observed in subjects intolerant to shift work, eg, persisting fatigue and mood and sleep alterations. Many diseases involve chronic deprivation of sleep at night and constitute conditions mimicking thai of night shift workers who are intolerant to desynchronization. We also present a genetic model (the dian-circadian model) to explain interindividual differences in the period of biological rhythms in certain conditions.

Keywords: affective disorder; allochronism; biological rhythm; desynchronization; dyschronism; shift work; temporal organization

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