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Flint J. Genetic basis of cognitive disability. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2001;3(1):37-46
Flint, J. (2001). Genetic basis of cognitive disability. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 3(1), 37-46.
Flint, J. "Genetic basis of cognitive disability." Dialogues in clinical neuroscience vol. 3,1 (2001): 37-46.
Flint J. Genetic basis of cognitive disability. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2001 Mar;3(1):37-46. PMID: 22034445; PMCID: PMC3181642.
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Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2001 Mar;3(1):37-46.

Genetic basis of cognitive disability.

Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

J Flint

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.

PMID: 22034445 PMCID: PMC3181642

Abstract

The importance of genetic influences on cognitive disability has been recognized for a long time, but molecular analysis has only recently begun to yield insights into the pathogenesis of this common and disabling condition. The availability of genome sequences has enabled the characterization of the chromosomal deletions and trisomies that result in cognitive disability, and mutations in rare single-gene conditions are being discovered. The molecular pathology of cognitive disability is turning out to be as heterogeneous as the condition itself, with unexpected complexities even in apparently simple gene-deletion syndromes. One remarkable finding from studies on X-linked mental retardation is that mutations in different small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins result in cognitive disability without other somatic features. Advances are also being made in cognitive disability with polygenic origins, such as dyslexia and autism. However, the genetic basis of mild intellectual disability has yet to be satisfactorily explained.

Keywords: X-linked mental retardation; aneuploidy; chromosomal disorder; cognition; intellectual disability; mental retardation

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