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Ziegler MG, Milic M, Elayan H. Cardiovascular Regulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Drug Discov Today Dis Models. 2011;8(4):155-160doi: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2011.03.003.
Ziegler, M. G., Milic, M., & Elayan, H. (2011). Cardiovascular Regulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Drug discovery today. Disease models, 8(4), 155-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddmod.2011.03.003
Ziegler, Michael G, et al. "Cardiovascular Regulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Drug discovery today. Disease models vol. 8,4 (2011): 155-160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddmod.2011.03.003
Ziegler MG, Milic M, Elayan H. Cardiovascular Regulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Drug Discov Today Dis Models. 2011;8(4):155-160. doi: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2011.03.003. PMID: 22125570; PMCID: PMC3223912.
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Drug Discov Today Dis Models. 2011;8(4):155-160. doi: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2011.03.003.

Cardiovascular Regulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Drug discovery today. Disease models

Michael G Ziegler, Milos Milic, Hamzeh Elayan

Affiliations

  1. University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8341, USA.

PMID: 22125570 PMCID: PMC3223912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2011.03.003

Abstract

The majority of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suffer from hypertension as a complication of both the metabolic syndrome and OSA. In animal studies, intermittent hypoxia that simulates changes seen in OSA leads to chemoreceptor and chromaffin cell stimulation of sympathetic nerve activity, endothelial damage and impaired blood pressure modulation. Human studies reveal activation of sympathetic nerves, endothelial damage and exaggerated pressor responses to sympathetic neurotransmitters and endothelin. Although treatment of the OSA normalizes sympathetic nerve responses, it only lowers blood pressure modestly. Agents that block the consequences of sympathetic over activity, such as β1 blockers and angiotensin antagonists have effectively lowered blood pressure. Diuretics have been less successful. Treatment of hypertensive patients with OSA usually requires consideration of both increased sympathetic nerve activity and the metabolic syndrome.

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