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Sens Actuators A Phys. 2011 Dec;172(1):161-168. doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2011.04.032.

Utilizing a high fundamental frequency quartz crystal resonator as a biosensor in a digital microfluidic platform.

Sensors and actuators. A, Physical

Thomas Lederer, Brigitte P Stehrer, Siegfried Bauer, Bernhard Jakoby, Wolfgang Hilber

Affiliations

  1. Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.

PMID: 22241942 PMCID: PMC3235545 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2011.04.032

Abstract

We demonstrate the operation of a digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip system utilizing Electro Wetting on Dielectrics (EWOD) as the actuation principle and a High Fundamental Frequency (HFF; 50 MHz) quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator as a mass-sensitive sensor. In a first experiment we have tested the reversible formation of a phosphor-lipid monolayer of phospholipid vesicles out of an aqueous buffer suspension onto a bio-functionalized integrated QCM sensor. A binding of bio-molecules results in an altered mass load of the resonant sensor and a shift of the resonance frequency can be measured. In the second part of the experiment, the formation of a protein multilayer composed of the biomolecule streptavidin and biotinylated immunoglobulin G was monitored. Additionally, the macroscopic contact angle was optically measured in order to verify the bio-specific binding and to test the implications onto the balance of the surface tensions. Using these sample applications, we were able to demonstrate and to verify the feasibility of integrating a mass-sensitive QCM sensor into a digital microfluidic chip.

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