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Baker GB, Chokka PR, Bornstein RA. Neurochemical and some related psychopharmacological aspects of Tourette's syndrome: an update. J Psychopharmacol. 1995;9(3):273-80doi: 10.1177/026988119500900311.
Baker, G. B., Chokka, P. R., & Bornstein, R. A. (1995). Neurochemical and some related psychopharmacological aspects of Tourette's syndrome: an update. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 9(3), 273-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/026988119500900311
Baker, G B, et al. "Neurochemical and some related psychopharmacological aspects of Tourette's syndrome: an update." Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) vol. 9,3 (1995): 273-80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/026988119500900311
Baker GB, Chokka PR, Bornstein RA. Neurochemical and some related psychopharmacological aspects of Tourette's syndrome: an update. J Psychopharmacol. 1995 Jan;9(3):273-80. doi: 10.1177/026988119500900311. PMID: 22297768.
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J Psychopharmacol. 1995 Jan;9(3):273-80. doi: 10.1177/026988119500900311.

Neurochemical and some related psychopharmacological aspects of Tourette's syndrome: an update.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)

G B Baker, P R Chokka, R A Bornstein

Affiliations

  1. Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Canada.

PMID: 22297768 DOI: 10.1177/026988119500900311

Abstract

Neurochemical investigations of Tourette's syndrome (TS) suggest that the symptoms of this disorder may be the result of an imbalance among several neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator systems. Neurochemicals which have been studied included: catecholamines; acetylcholine; tryptophan and its metabolites; the amino acids γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, phenylalanine and p-tyrosine; trace amines; opioid peptides; cyclic AMP and androgenic hormones. A suitable animal model of TS would do much to advance our understanding of this disorder, and there are some interesting recent developments in this regard.

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