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Warren SC, Perkins MR, Adams AM, et al. A silica sol-gel design strategy for nanostructured metallic materials. Nat Mater. 2012;11(5):460-7doi: 10.1038/nmat3274.
Warren, S. C., Perkins, M. R., Adams, A. M., Kamperman, M., Burns, A. A., Arora, H., Herz, E., Suteewong, T., Sai, H., Li, Z., Werner, J., Song, J., Werner-Zwanziger, U., Zwanziger, J. W., Grätzel, M., DiSalvo, F. J., & Wiesner, U. (2012). A silica sol-gel design strategy for nanostructured metallic materials. Nature materials, 11(5), 460-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3274
Warren, Scott C, et al. "A silica sol-gel design strategy for nanostructured metallic materials." Nature materials vol. 11,5 (2012): 460-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3274
Warren SC, Perkins MR, Adams AM, Kamperman M, Burns AA, Arora H, Herz E, Suteewong T, Sai H, Li Z, Werner J, Song J, Werner-Zwanziger U, Zwanziger JW, Grätzel M, DiSalvo FJ, Wiesner U. A silica sol-gel design strategy for nanostructured metallic materials. Nat Mater. 2012 Mar 18;11(5):460-7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3274. PMID: 22426457.
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Nat Mater. 2012 Mar 18;11(5):460-7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3274.

A silica sol-gel design strategy for nanostructured metallic materials.

Nature materials

Scott C Warren, Matthew R Perkins, Ashley M Adams, Marleen Kamperman, Andrew A Burns, Hitesh Arora, Erik Herz, Teeraporn Suteewong, Hiroaki Sai, Zihui Li, Jörg Werner, Juho Song, Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger, Josef W Zwanziger, Michael Grätzel, Francis J DiSalvo, Ulrich Wiesner

Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.

PMID: 22426457 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3274

Abstract

Batteries, fuel cells and solar cells, among many other high-current-density devices, could benefit from the precise meso- to macroscopic structure control afforded by the silica sol-gel process. The porous materials made by silica sol-gel chemistry are typically insulators, however, which has restricted their application. Here we present a simple, yet highly versatile silica sol-gel process built around a multifunctional sol-gel precursor that is derived from the following: amino acids, hydroxy acids or peptides; a silicon alkoxide; and a metal acetate. This approach allows a wide range of biological functionalities and metals--including noble metals--to be combined into a library of sol-gel materials with a high degree of control over composition and structure. We demonstrate that the sol-gel process based on these precursors is compatible with block-copolymer self-assembly, colloidal crystal templating and the Stöber process. As a result of the exceptionally high metal content, these materials can be thermally processed to make porous nanocomposites with metallic percolation networks that have an electrical conductivity of over 1,000 S cm(-1). This improves the electrical conductivity of porous silica sol-gel nanocomposites by three orders of magnitude over existing approaches, opening applications to high-current-density devices.

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