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Manjila S, Miller EA, Vadera S, et al. Duplication of the pituitary gland associated with multiple blastogenesis defects: Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG)-plus syndrome. Case report and review of literature. Surg Neurol Int. 2012;3:23doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.92939.
Manjila, S., Miller, E. A., Vadera, S., Goel, R. K., Khan, F. R., Crowe, C., & Geertman, R. T. (2012). Duplication of the pituitary gland associated with multiple blastogenesis defects: Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG)-plus syndrome. Case report and review of literature. Surgical neurology international, 323. https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.92939
Manjila, Sunil, et al. "Duplication of the pituitary gland associated with multiple blastogenesis defects: Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG)-plus syndrome. Case report and review of literature." Surgical neurology international vol. 3 (2012): 23. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.92939
Manjila S, Miller EA, Vadera S, Goel RK, Khan FR, Crowe C, Geertman RT. Duplication of the pituitary gland associated with multiple blastogenesis defects: Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG)-plus syndrome. Case report and review of literature. Surg Neurol Int. 2012;3:23. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.92939. Epub 2012 Feb 15. PMID: 22439114; PMCID: PMC3307243.
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Surg Neurol Int. 2012;3:23. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.92939. Epub 2012 Feb 15.

Duplication of the pituitary gland associated with multiple blastogenesis defects: Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG)-plus syndrome. Case report and review of literature.

Surgical neurology international

Sunil Manjila, Erin A Miller, Sumeet Vadera, Rishi K Goel, Fahd R Khan, Carol Crowe, Robert T Geertman

Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurosurgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.

PMID: 22439114 PMCID: PMC3307243 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.92939

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG) is a rare craniofacial developmental anomaly occurring during blastogenesis with postulated etiology such as incomplete twinning, teratogens, median cleft face syndrome or splitting of the notochord. The complex craniocaudal spectrum of blastogenesis defects associated with DPG is examined with an illustrative case.

CASE DESCRIPTION: We report for the first time in the medical literature some unique associations with DPG, such as a clival encephalocele, third cerebral peduncle, duplicate odontoid process and a double tongue with independent volitional control. This patient also has the previously reported common associations such as duplicated sella, cleft palate, hypertelorism, callosal agenesis, hypothalamic enlargement, nasopharyngeal teratoma, fenestrated basilar artery and supernumerary teeth. This study also reviews 37 cases of DPG identified through MEDLINE literature search from 1880 to 2011. It provides a detailed analysis of the current case through physical examination and imaging.

CONCLUSION: The authors propose that the developmental deformities associated with duplication of pituitary gland (DPG) occur as part of a developmental continuum, not as chance associations. Considering the fact that DPG is uniquely and certainly present throughout the spectrum of these blastogenesis defects, we suggest the term DPG-plus syndrome.

Keywords: Blastogenesis; clival encephalocele; diprosopus; duplication of the pituitary gland; split notochord

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