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Krause M, Wheeler TL, Richter HE, et al. Systemic effects of vaginally administered estrogen therapy: a review. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2010;16(3):188-95doi: 10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181d7e86e.
Krause, M., Wheeler, T. L., Richter, H. E., & Snyder, T. E. (2010). Systemic effects of vaginally administered estrogen therapy: a review. Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery, 16(3), 188-95. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181d7e86e
Krause, Megan, et al. "Systemic effects of vaginally administered estrogen therapy: a review." Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery vol. 16,3 (2010): 188-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181d7e86e
Krause M, Wheeler TL, Richter HE, Snyder TE. Systemic effects of vaginally administered estrogen therapy: a review. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2010 May;16(3):188-95. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181d7e86e. PMID: 22453284; PMCID: PMC4354766.
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Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2010 May;16(3):188-95. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181d7e86e.

Systemic effects of vaginally administered estrogen therapy: a review.

Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery

Megan Krause, Thomas L Wheeler, Holly E Richter, Thomas E Snyder

Affiliations

  1. From the *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; †Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Carolina, University Greenville Campus, Greenville, SC; and ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.

PMID: 22453284 PMCID: PMC4354766 DOI: 10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181d7e86e

Abstract

Hormone therapy was considered the standard of care before the publication of the Women's Health Initiative. After the study was published, the use of systemic hormone therapy dramatically decreased resulting in an increased incidence of menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and dyspareunia experienced by women. Use of vaginal estrogen offers women a unique alternative for relief of these symptoms. This article reviews the systemic effects of vaginally administered estrogen. Effects on serum hormone levels, vasomotor symptoms, lipid profiles, and use in women with breast cancer are reviewed. An accompanying review (J Pelvic Med Surg. 2009;15:105-114.) examines the local effects of vaginally administered estrogen.

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