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Alvarez AM, Mukherjee D. Liver abnormalities in cardiac diseases and heart failure. Int J Angiol. 2011;20(3):135-42doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1284434.
Alvarez, A. M., & Mukherjee, D. (2011). Liver abnormalities in cardiac diseases and heart failure. The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc, 20(3), 135-42. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1284434
Alvarez, Alicia M, and Mukherjee, Debabrata. "Liver abnormalities in cardiac diseases and heart failure." The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc vol. 20,3 (2011): 135-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1284434
Alvarez AM, Mukherjee D. Liver abnormalities in cardiac diseases and heart failure. Int J Angiol. 2011 Sep;20(3):135-42. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1284434. PMID: 22942628; PMCID: PMC3331650.
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Int J Angiol. 2011 Sep;20(3):135-42. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1284434.

Liver abnormalities in cardiac diseases and heart failure.

The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc

Alicia M Alvarez, Debabrata Mukherjee

Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX.

PMID: 22942628 PMCID: PMC3331650 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1284434

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by the inability of systemic perfusion to meet the body's metabolic demands and is usually caused by cardiac pump dysfunction and may occasionally present with symptoms of a noncardiac disorder such as hepatic dysfunction. The primary pathophysiology involved in hepatic dysfunction from HF is either passive congestion from increased filling pressures or low cardiac output and the consequences of impaired perfusion. Passive hepatic congestion due to increased central venous pressure may cause elevations of liver enzymes and both direct and indirect serum bilirubin. Impaired perfusion from decreased cardiac output may be associated with acute hepatocellular necrosis with marked elevations in serum aminotransferases. Cardiogenic ischemic hepatitis ("shock liver") may ensue following an episode of profound hypotension in patients with acute HF. We discuss pathophysiology and identification of liver abnormalities that are commonly seen in patients with HF.

Keywords: Heart failure; cardiac output; cardiovascular disease; hepatic congestion; liver dysfunction; pulsatile liver; shock liver

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