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Phys Rev Lett. 2012 Sep 07;109(10):100401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.100401. Epub 2012 Sep 04.

Classical simulation of entanglement swapping with bounded communication.

Physical review letters

Cyril Branciard, Nicolas Brunner, Harry Buhrman, Richard Cleve, Nicolas Gisin, Samuel Portmann, Denis Rosset, Mario Szegedy

Affiliations

  1. School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.

PMID: 23005265 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.100401

Abstract

Entanglement appears under two different forms in quantum theory, namely, as a property of states of joint systems and as a property of measurement eigenstates in joint measurements. By combining these two aspects of entanglement, it is possible to generate nonlocality between particles that never interacted, using the protocol of entanglement swapping. We show that even in the more constraining bilocal scenario where distant sources of particles are assumed to be independent, i.e., to share no prior randomness, entanglement swapping can be simulated classically with bounded communication, using only 9 bits in total. Our result thus provides an upper bound on the nonlocality of the entanglement swapping process.

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