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Pique C, Jones KS. Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1. Front Microbiol. 2012;3:378doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00378.
Pique, C., & Jones, K. S. (2012). Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1. Frontiers in microbiology, 3378. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00378
Pique, Claudine, and Jones, Kathryn S. "Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1." Frontiers in microbiology vol. 3 (2012): 378. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00378
Pique C, Jones KS. Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1. Front Microbiol. 2012 Oct 24;3:378. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00378. eCollection 2012. PMID: 23109932; PMCID: PMC3479854.
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Front Microbiol. 2012 Oct 24;3:378. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00378. eCollection 2012.

Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1.

Frontiers in microbiology

Claudine Pique, Kathryn S Jones

Affiliations

  1. CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin Paris, France.

PMID: 23109932 PMCID: PMC3479854 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00378

Abstract

The deltaretroviruses human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) have long been believed to differ from retroviruses in other genera by their mode of transmission. While other retroviruses were thought to primarily spread by producing cell-free particles that diffuse through extracellular fluids prior to binding to and infecting target cells, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were believed to transmit the virus solely by cell-cell interactions. This difference in transmission was believed to reflect the fact that, relative to other retroviruses, the cell-free virions produced by HTLV-infected cells are very poorly infectious. Since HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are primarily found in T cells in the peripheral blood, spread of these viruses was believed to occur between infected and uninfected, T cells, although little was known about the cellular and viral proteins involved in this interaction. Recent studies have revealed that the method of transmission of HTLV is not unique: other retroviruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also transmitted from cell-to-cell, and this method is dramatically more efficient than cell-free transmission. Moreover, cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1, as well as HIV, can occur following interactions between dendritic cells and T cells, as well as between T cells. Conversely, other studies have shown that cell-free HTLV-1 is not as poorly infectious as previously thought, since it is capable of infecting certain cell types. Here we summarize the recent insights about the mechanisms of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1 and other retroviruses. We also review in vitro and in vivo studies of infection and discuss how these finding may relate to the spread of HTLV-1 between individuals.

Keywords: HTLV-1; HTLV-1 infectivity; HTLV-2; T cell; antigen-presenting cells; cell–cell transmission; retrovirus; virological synapse

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