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Genome Med. 2012 Dec 22;4(12):101. doi: 10.1186/gm402. eCollection 2012.

Genomic vulnerability to LINE-1 hypomethylation is a potential determinant of the clinicogenetic features of multiple myeloma.

Genome medicine

Yuka Aoki, Masanori Nojima, Hiromu Suzuki, Hiroshi Yasui, Reo Maruyama, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Masami Ashida, Mitsuhiro Itagaki, Hideki Asaoku, Hiroshi Ikeda, Toshiaki Hayashi, Kohzoh Imai, Mitsuru Mori, Takashi Tokino, Tadao Ishida, Minoru Toyota, Yasuhisa Shinomura

Affiliations

  1. First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
  2. Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
  3. Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
  4. First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan ; Department of Regional Health Care and Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
  5. Department of Hematology, Hiroshima Red Cross and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-cho, Hiroshima 730-8619, Japan.
  6. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hiroshima Red Cross and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-cho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-8619, Japan.
  7. Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
  8. Division of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.

PMID: 23259664 PMCID: PMC4064317 DOI: 10.1186/gm402

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to clarify the role of global hypomethylation of repetitive elements in determining the genetic and clinical features of multiple myeloma (MM).

METHODS: We assessed global methylation levels using four repetitive elements (long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), Alu Ya5, Alu Yb8, and Satellite-α) in clinical samples comprising 74 MM samples and 11 benign control samples (7 cases of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 4 samples of normal plasma cells (NPC)). We also evaluated copy-number alterations using array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and performed methyl-CpG binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq).

RESULTS: Global levels of the repetitive-element methylation declined with the degree of malignancy of plasma cells (NPC>MGUS>MM), and there was a significant inverse correlation between the degree of genomic loss and the LINE-1 methylation levels. We identified 80 genomic loci as common breakpoints (CBPs) around commonly lost regions, which were significantly associated with increased LINE-1 densities. MBD-seq analysis revealed that average DNA-methylation levels at the CBP loci and relative methylation levels in regions with higher LINE-1 densities also declined during the development of MM. We confirmed that levels of methylation of the 5' untranslated region of respective LINE-1 loci correlated strongly with global LINE-1 methylation levels. Finally, there was a significant association between LINE-1 hypomethylation and poorer overall survival (hazard ratio 2.8, P = 0.015).

CONCLUSION: Global hypomethylation of LINE-1 is associated with the progression of and poorer prognosis for MM, possibly due to frequent copy-number loss.

Keywords: Common breakpoints; Global hypomethylation; LINE-1; Multiple myeloma; Repetitive elements

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