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Czarnecki O, Gläßer C, Chen JG, et al. Evidence for a Contribution of ALA Synthesis to Plastid-To-Nucleus Signaling. Front Plant Sci. 2012;3:236doi: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00236.
Czarnecki, O., Gläßer, C., Chen, J. G., Mayer, K. F., & Grimm, B. (2012). Evidence for a Contribution of ALA Synthesis to Plastid-To-Nucleus Signaling. Frontiers in plant science, 3236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00236
Czarnecki, Olaf, et al. "Evidence for a Contribution of ALA Synthesis to Plastid-To-Nucleus Signaling." Frontiers in plant science vol. 3 (2012): 236. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00236
Czarnecki O, Gläßer C, Chen JG, Mayer KF, Grimm B. Evidence for a Contribution of ALA Synthesis to Plastid-To-Nucleus Signaling. Front Plant Sci. 2012 Oct 29;3:236. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00236. eCollection 2012. PMID: 23112801; PMCID: PMC3483025.
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Front Plant Sci. 2012 Oct 29;3:236. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00236. eCollection 2012.

Evidence for a Contribution of ALA Synthesis to Plastid-To-Nucleus Signaling.

Frontiers in plant science

Olaf Czarnecki, Christine Gläßer, Jin-Gui Chen, Klaus F X Mayer, Bernhard Grimm

Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Plant Systems Biology, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA.

PMID: 23112801 PMCID: PMC3483025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00236

Abstract

The formation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis is widely controlled by environmental and metabolic feedback cues that determine the influx into the entire metabolic path. Because of its central role as the rate-limiting step, we hypothesized a potential role of ALA biosynthesis in tetrapyrrole-mediated retrograde signaling and exploited the direct impact of ALA biosynthesis on nuclear gene expression (NGE) by using two different approaches. Firstly, the Arabidopsisgun1, hy1 (gun2), hy2 (gun3), gun4 mutants showing uncoupled NGE from the physiological state of chloroplasts were thoroughly examined for regulatory modifications of ALA synthesis and transcriptional control in the nucleus. We found that reduced ALA-synthesizing capacity is common to analyzed gun mutants. Inhibition of ALA synthesis by gabaculine (GAB) that inactivates glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase and ALA feeding of wild-type and mutant seedlings corroborate the expression data of gun mutants. Transcript level of photosynthetic marker genes were enhanced in norflurazon (NF)-treated seedlings upon additional GAB treatment, while enhanced ALA amounts diminish these RNA levels in NF-treated wild-type in comparison to the solely NF-treated seedlings. Secondly, the impact of posttranslationally down-regulated ALA synthesis on NGE was investigated by global transcriptome analysis of GAB-treated Arabidopsis seedlings and the gun4-1 mutant, which is also characterized by reduced ALA formation. A common set of significantly modulated genes was identified indicating ALA synthesis as a potential signal emitter. The over-represented gene ontology categories of genes with decreased or increased transcript abundance highlight a few biological processes and cellular functions, which are remarkably affected in response to plastid-localized ALA biosynthesis. These results support the hypothesis that ALA biosynthesis correlates with retrograde signaling-mediated control of NGE.

Keywords: ALA synthesis; gabaculine; gun mutants; microarray analysis; retrograde signaling

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