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Front Immunol. 2012 Nov 29;3:356. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00356. eCollection 2012.

Sialic acid: a sweet swing between mammalian host and Trypanosoma cruzi.

Frontiers in immunology

Leonardo Freire-de-Lima, Isadora A Oliveira, Jorge L Neves, Luciana L Penha, Frederico Alisson-Silva, Wagner B Dias, Adriane R Todeschini

Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil.

PMID: 23230438 PMCID: PMC3515882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00356

Abstract

Commonly found at the outermost ends of complex carbohydrates in extracellular medium or on outer cell membranes, sialic acids play important roles in a myriad of biological processes. Mammals synthesize sialic acid through a complex pathway, but Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, evolved to obtain sialic acid from its host through a trans-sialidase (TcTS) reaction. Studies of the parasite cell surface architecture and biochemistry indicate that a unique system comprising sialoglycoproteins and sialyl-binding proteins assists the parasite in several functions including parasite survival, infectivity, and host-cell recognition. Additionally, TcTS activity is capable of extensively remodeling host cell glycomolecules, playing a role as virulence factor. This review presents the state of the art of parasite sialobiology, highlighting how the interplay between host and parasite sialic acid helps the pathogen to evade host defense mechanisms and ensure lifetime host parasitism.

Keywords: glycoconjugate; immune response; parasite; sialic acid; sialidase

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