Front Physiol. 2013 Mar 08;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00029. eCollection 2013.
Carotid baroreflex responsiveness in normotensive African Americans is attenuated at rest and during dynamic leg exercise.
Frontiers in physiology
Seth W Holwerda, Mitchel R Samels, David M Keller
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia, SC, USA.
PMID: 23482843
PMCID: PMC3591748 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00029
Abstract
Evidence suggests differences between African Americans (AAs) and Caucasian Americans (CAs) in cardiovascular responsiveness to physiological stressors. This study tested the hypothesis that carotid baroreflex (CBR) control of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure is reduced in AAs compared to CAs during exercise. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR were continuously recorded at rest and during leg cycling in 23 non-hypertensive male subjects (12 AA; 11 CA; age 19-26 years). CBR control of HR and MAP was assessed with 5-s pulses of neck pressure (NP, simulated hypotension) and neck suction (NS, simulated hypertension) ranging from +45 to -80 Torr. Across all NS stimuli (-20, -40, -60, -80 Torr) at rest, the AA group demonstrated attenuated CBR-mediated reductions in HR (AA, -8.9 ± 1.9 vs. CA, -14.1 ± 2.3 bpm; P < 0.001) and MAP (AA, -6.4 ± 1 vs. CA, -7.8 ± 0.8 mmHg; P < 0.05). Despite similar gain and magnitude of resetting observed in the modeled stimulus response curves, an attenuation among AAs persisted in HR (AA, -8.2 ± 1.6 vs. CA, -11.8 ± 3 bpm; P < 0.05) and MAP (AA, -6.8 ± 0.9 vs. CA, -8.2 ± 1.1 mmHg; P < 0.05) responses to NS during exercise. No differences in CBR-mediated HR and MAP responses to NP were detected between groups at rest or during exercise. These data suggest impairment in the ability to defend against a hypertensive challenge among AAs during steady-state exercise compared to their CA counterparts.
Keywords: blood pressure; exercise; heart rate; hypertension; racial differences
References
- Hypertension. 2010 Jul;56(1):75-81 - PubMed
- Circ Res. 1983 Mar;52(3):253-62 - PubMed
- Circulation. 2010 Feb 23;121(7):e46-e215 - PubMed
- J Hypertens. 1990 Oct;8(10):961-7 - PubMed
- J Physiol. 2006 Dec 15;577(Pt 3):925-33 - PubMed
- Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Feb;280(2):H642-8 - PubMed
- Psychosom Med. 1988 Jan-Feb;50(1):57-63 - PubMed
- Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011 Oct;301(4):H1639-45 - PubMed
- Circulation. 2000 May 16;101(19):2284-9 - PubMed
- J Clin Invest. 1990 Dec;86(6):1855-61 - PubMed
- Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Nov;299(5):R1241-7 - PubMed
- Am J Physiol. 1993 Dec;265(6 Pt 2):H1928-38 - PubMed
- Psychophysiology. 2010 Sep;47(5):863-73 - PubMed
- Ethn Dis. 2001 Spring-Summer;11(2):217-23 - PubMed
- J Appl Physiol (1985). 1994 Aug;77(2):502-6 - PubMed
- J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Feb;92(2):651-6 - PubMed
- Cardiology. 1972;57(5):295-310 - PubMed
- Hypertension. 1993 Dec;22(6):801-5 - PubMed
- J Pediatr. 1981 Oct;99(4):556-60 - PubMed
- Mayo Clin Proc. 1984 Jul;59(7):467-75 - PubMed
- Exp Physiol. 2012 Jan;97(1):39-50 - PubMed
- Hypertension. 1987 Dec;10(6):555-63 - PubMed
- Am J Physiol. 1981 Dec;241(6):H838-49 - PubMed
- J Physiol. 2003 Jul 1;550(Pt 1):317-24 - PubMed
- J Physiol. 2009 Nov 15;587(Pt 22):5427-39 - PubMed
- Ann Behav Med. 2004 Feb;27(1):31-7 - PubMed
- Blood Press Monit. 2004 Oct;9(5):269-75 - PubMed
- PLoS Genet. 2009 Jul;5(7):e1000564 - PubMed
- Ethn Dis. 2000 Winter;10(1):4-16 - PubMed
- Ethn Dis. 1996 Autumn;6(3-4):286-300 - PubMed
- Clin Auton Res. 2004 Feb;14(1):19-25 - PubMed
- Blood Press. 1997 Jul;6(4):209-13 - PubMed
- Hypertension. 1999 Oct;34(4 Pt 1):631-7 - PubMed
- Hypertension. 1992 Oct;20(4):542-8 - PubMed
- Exp Physiol. 2006 Jan;91(1):27-36 - PubMed
- Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Jun 1;20(11):2273-84 - PubMed
- J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(7):721-7 - PubMed
- J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Jul;87(1):339-47 - PubMed
- Appl Human Sci. 1995 Nov;14(6):293-5 - PubMed
- Psychophysiology. 2012 Mar;49(3):401-12 - PubMed
- Hypertension. 2002 Dec;40(6):903-8 - PubMed
- Psychosom Med. 1990 May-Jun;52(3):286-96 - PubMed
- Circulation. 1990 May;81(5):1568-74 - PubMed
- Exp Physiol. 2003 Sep;88(5):595-601 - PubMed
- Hypertension. 1988 Nov;12(5):485-90 - PubMed
- Ethn Health. 1997 Mar-Jun;2(1-2):127-36 - PubMed
- J Physiol. 2009 May 1;587(Pt 9):2049-57 - PubMed
Publication Types