Display options
Cite
Gordon P, Christensen R, Weitkamp JH, et al. Mapping the New World of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): Review and Opinion. EJ Neonatol Res. 2012;2(4):145-172
Gordon, P., Christensen, R., Weitkamp, J. H., & Maheshwari, A. (2012). Mapping the New World of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): Review and Opinion. The e-journal of neonatology research, 2(4), 145-172.
Gordon, Phillip, et al. "Mapping the New World of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): Review and Opinion." The e-journal of neonatology research vol. 2,4 (2012): 145-172.
Gordon P, Christensen R, Weitkamp JH, Maheshwari A. Mapping the New World of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): Review and Opinion. EJ Neonatol Res. 2012;2(4):145-172. PMID: 23730536; PMCID: PMC3666872.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

EJ Neonatol Res. 2012;2(4):145-172.

Mapping the New World of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): Review and Opinion.

The e-journal of neonatology research

Phillip Gordon, Robert Christensen, Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp, Akhil Maheshwari

Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.

PMID: 23730536 PMCID: PMC3666872

Abstract

A comprehensive review of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is provided; including history, biological basis and frequently asked questions. In addition, a system of improved NEC classification is explained in detail (consisting of five NEC subsets and four NEC-like diseases), to aid the bedside clinician in therapy and prevention. The authors offer opinion for therapeutics in italics at the end of each definition.

Keywords: classification; necrotizing enterocolitis; neonate; premature infant

References

  1. PLoS One. 2010 Oct 15;5(10):e15044 - PubMed
  2. J Pediatr. 1988 Aug;113(2):364-7 - PubMed
  3. J Perinatol. 2007 Nov;27(11):661-71 - PubMed
  4. Pediatrics. 2000 Mar;105(3 Pt 1):542-8 - PubMed
  5. J Perinatol. 2005 Mar;25(3):182-8 - PubMed
  6. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Jul;8(7):523-32 - PubMed
  7. J Perinatol. 2012 Nov;32(11):874-9 - PubMed
  8. Acta Paediatr. 2005 Aug;94(8):1085-8 - PubMed
  9. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001 Apr;32(4):449-53 - PubMed
  10. ISME J. 2009 Aug;3(8):944-54 - PubMed
  11. Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):741-8 - PubMed
  12. J Med Genet. 1972 Mar;9(1):86-91 - PubMed
  13. J Perinatol. 2011 Mar;31(3):149 - PubMed
  14. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2011 Feb;23(1):85-90 - PubMed
  15. Neonatology. 2010;97(2):93-9 - PubMed
  16. J Perinatol. 2004 Aug;24(8):494-9 - PubMed
  17. Pediatrics. 2012 Mar;129(3):e827-41 - PubMed
  18. Nat Med. 2011 Nov 20;17(12):1585-93 - PubMed
  19. J Perinatol. 2001 Apr-May;21(3):156-60 - PubMed
  20. Pediatr Res. 2011 Mar;69(3):183-8 - PubMed
  21. Eur J Pediatr. 2002 Jul;161(7):410-1 - PubMed
  22. Pediatrics. 2012 Mar;129(3):529-40 - PubMed
  23. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006 Oct;11(5):369-77 - PubMed
  24. Lab Invest. 1962 Nov;11:918-32 - PubMed
  25. J Pediatr Surg. 1998 May;33(5):705-7 - PubMed
  26. J Perinatol. 2000 Dec;20(8 Pt 1):558-61 - PubMed
  27. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006 Nov;291(5):G938-49 - PubMed
  28. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2005 Sep;27(2):167-80 - PubMed
  29. J Perinatol. 2011 Nov;31(11):730-8 - PubMed
  30. Semin Perinatol. 2008 Apr;32(2):100-6 - PubMed
  31. J Perinatol. 2012 Mar;32(3):199-204 - PubMed
  32. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Nov 17;106(46):19256-61 - PubMed
  33. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 May;14(3):302-6 - PubMed
  34. Gut. 2000 Mar;46(3):350-8 - PubMed
  35. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987 Feb;67(2):415-24 - PubMed
  36. Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):255-8 - PubMed
  37. Nat Immunol. 2007 Oct;8(10):1086-94 - PubMed
  38. Eur J Pediatr. 2001 Jun;160(6):385-91 - PubMed
  39. Ann Surg. 1991 Sep;214(3):300-6; discussion 306-7 - PubMed
  40. J Perinatol. 2011 Aug;31(8):519-23 - PubMed
  41. J Pediatr. 2009 May;154(5):656-61 - PubMed
  42. J Perinatol. 2006 Mar;26(3):185-8 - PubMed
  43. Clin Perinatol. 2004 Mar;31(1):143-55 - PubMed
  44. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005 Apr;41(4):169-73 - PubMed
  45. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1986 Feb;33(1):179-201 - PubMed
  46. J Pediatr Surg. 1988 Oct;23(10):945-9 - PubMed
  47. J Immunol. 2010 Sep 1;185(5):2675-9 - PubMed
  48. Gastroenterology. 2005 Apr;128(4):1012-22 - PubMed
  49. J Pediatr Surg. 2003 Jul;38(7):1039-42 - PubMed
  50. Gastroenterology. 1990 Nov;99(5):1333-8 - PubMed
  51. J Immunol. 2009 Jan 1;182(1):636-46 - PubMed
  52. J Perinatol. 2007 Jul;27(7):437-43 - PubMed
  53. Pediatr Res. 2007 Oct;62(4):510-4 - PubMed
  54. J Pediatr. 2011 Nov;159(5):720-5 - PubMed
  55. Int J Clin Lab Res. 1992;22(1):1-4 - PubMed
  56. Pediatr Res. 2007 Apr;61(4):427-32 - PubMed
  57. Sci Rep. 2011;1:170 - PubMed
  58. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008 Apr;27(4):347-50 - PubMed
  59. Gastroenterology. 2010 Sep;139(3):904-17, 917.e1-6 - PubMed
  60. Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Aug 16;2(2):119-29 - PubMed
  61. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Jul;98(7):1214-7 - PubMed
  62. J Surg Res. 2012 Jan;172(1):18-28 - PubMed
  63. Pediatrics. 1980 Jun;65(6):1150-3 - PubMed
  64. Pediatrics. 2011 Apr;127(4):635-41 - PubMed
  65. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 1990;12(2-3):129-37 - PubMed
  66. Gastroenterology. 2010 Jan;138(1):185-96 - PubMed
  67. Immunity. 1999 Jan;10(1):39-49 - PubMed
  68. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2011 Jan;21(1):12-7 - PubMed
  69. J Perinatol. 2011 Apr;31(4):297-8; author reply 298-9 - PubMed
  70. Dis Model Mech. 2012 Jul;5(4):522-32 - PubMed
  71. J Immunol. 2006 Sep 1;177(5):3273-82 - PubMed
  72. J Pediatr Surg. 1982 Oct;17(5):666-9 - PubMed
  73. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1994 Apr;83(395):3-5 - PubMed
  74. Pediatr Res. 1993 Dec;34(6):701-8 - PubMed
  75. Pediatrics. 2010 Jan;125(1):139-44 - PubMed
  76. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Jun;12(6):437-46 - PubMed
  77. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Oct 14;15(38):4745-52 - PubMed
  78. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Apr;25 Suppl 1:132-3 - PubMed
  79. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 Sep;26(9):811-5 - PubMed
  80. Pediatr Res. 2009 Feb;65(2):138-44 - PubMed
  81. J Perinatol. 2003 Jun;23(4):278-85 - PubMed
  82. Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):105-8 - PubMed
  83. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 2;107(5):2159-64 - PubMed
  84. Gut. 2013 Jan;62(1):73-82 - PubMed
  85. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 May 23;97(11):6043-8 - PubMed
  86. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Jun;62(12):1288-96 - PubMed
  87. J Exp Med. 2006 Apr 17;203(4):973-84 - PubMed
  88. Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):1901-6 - PubMed
  89. Nat Genet. 2001 Jan;27(1):18-20 - PubMed
  90. Gut. 1999 Jan;44(1):2-5 - PubMed
  91. Pediatr Surg Int. 2003 Jul;19(5):326-30 - PubMed
  92. Pediatr Res. 2011 Jun;69(6):522-9 - PubMed
  93. J Perinatol. 1999 Dec;19(8 Pt 1):573-7 - PubMed
  94. Pediatr Res. 2001 Apr;49(4):589-93 - PubMed
  95. Biol Neonate. 2003;84(4):304-10 - PubMed
  96. J Surg Res. 2011 Jul;169(1):e51-7 - PubMed
  97. J Perinatol. 2012 Feb;32(2):150-2 - PubMed
  98. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 Nov;45 Suppl:S133-8 - PubMed
  99. J Perinatol. 2011 Mar;31(3):183-7 - PubMed
  100. Arch Dis Child. 1977 Oct;52(10):802-4 - PubMed
  101. Nutrition. 1995 May-Jun;11(3):304-7 - PubMed
  102. J Perinatol. 2013 Jul;33(7):529-32 - PubMed
  103. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011 Apr;33(3):e98-100 - PubMed
  104. Radiology. 1964 Nov;83:879-87 - PubMed
  105. N Engl J Med. 1956 Apr 12;254(15):694-6 - PubMed
  106. Pediatr Res. 2007 Aug;62(2):188-90 - PubMed
  107. Nature. 2007 Oct 18;449(7164):804-10 - PubMed
  108. Immunology. 1990 Mar;69(3):409-15 - PubMed
  109. Transfusion. 2010 May;50(5):1106-12 - PubMed
  110. J Immunol. 2007 Oct 1;179(7):4808-20 - PubMed
  111. Pediatrics. 1999 Jul;104(1 Pt 1):91-9 - PubMed
  112. J Pediatr. 2008 Sep;153(3):339-44 - PubMed
  113. J Immunol. 2003 Apr 15;170(8):3939-43 - PubMed
  114. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 11;344(2):95-101 - PubMed
  115. J Clin Invest. 2005 Jan;115(1):66-75 - PubMed
  116. Pediatr Res. 2005 Jul;58(1):138-42 - PubMed
  117. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1985 Jan-Feb;4(1):42-7 - PubMed
  118. J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Jun;44(6):1072-5; discussion 1075-6 - PubMed
  119. J Perinatol. 2006 Jan 1;26(1):49-54 - PubMed
  120. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD002971 - PubMed
  121. J Immunol. 2006 Nov 1;177(9):5852-60 - PubMed
  122. Gastroenterology. 2011 Jan;140(1):242-53 - PubMed
  123. Am J Dis Child. 1981 Jul;135(7):603-7 - PubMed
  124. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 Nov;45(5):509-19 - PubMed
  125. Nature. 2011 May 12;473(7346):174-80 - PubMed
  126. Ann Surg. 1978 Jan;187(1):1-7 - PubMed
  127. Cir Pediatr. 2011 Aug;24(3):137-41 - PubMed
  128. Beitr Pathol Anat. 1957;117(2):266-82 - PubMed
  129. J Immunol. 2005 Nov 15;175(10):6900-8 - PubMed
  130. J Pediatr. 1982 Mar;100(3):440-4 - PubMed
  131. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012 Jan;97(1):F70-4 - PubMed
  132. Pediatrics. 2009 Jan;123(1):58-66 - PubMed
  133. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 11;101(19):7404-8 - PubMed
  134. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2006 Dec;17(4):266-70 - PubMed
  135. Kinderarztl Prax. 1959 Sep;27:403-6 - PubMed
  136. PLoS One. 2009 Jun 08;4(6):e5837 - PubMed
  137. Pediatrics. 1984 Feb;73(2):218-24 - PubMed
  138. J Perinatol. 2011 Mar;31(3):176-82 - PubMed
  139. Pediatr Surg Int. 2010 Sep;26(9):895-8 - PubMed
  140. Pediatrics. 2012 Feb;129(2):e298-304 - PubMed
  141. J Perinatol. 2012 Aug;32(8):626-30 - PubMed
  142. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011 Oct;301(4):G656-66 - PubMed
  143. Pediatr Res. 2004 Apr;55(4):622-9 - PubMed
  144. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2005 Aug;14(3):137-44 - PubMed
  145. Immunology. 1993 Oct;80(2):204-8 - PubMed
  146. J Pediatr. 1965 Apr;66:697-705 - PubMed
  147. J Perinatol. 2010 Jun;30(6):431-3 - PubMed
  148. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 21;6(3):e17776 - PubMed
  149. J Exp Med. 1988 Apr 1;167(4):1341-9 - PubMed
  150. J Pediatr. 2011 Mar;158(3):403-9 - PubMed
  151. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20647 - PubMed
  152. J Pediatr Surg. 2003 Sep;38(9):1374-8 - PubMed
  153. Am J Perinatol. 1997 Sep;14(8):469-73 - PubMed
  154. Transplant Proc. 2007 Jul-Aug;39(6):2024-7 - PubMed
  155. J Pediatr. 2011 Sep;159(3):392-7 - PubMed
  156. Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1635-8 - PubMed
  157. J Pediatr Surg. 2004 Mar;39(3):453-7 - PubMed
  158. Clin Exp Immunol. 1986 Sep;65(3):553-8 - PubMed
  159. Pediatrics. 2012 May;129(5):e1165-72 - PubMed
  160. J Clin Immunol. 1990 Nov;10(6 Suppl):72S-77S; discussion 77S-79S - PubMed
  161. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27961 - PubMed
  162. Pediatr Res. 2004 Feb;55(2):296-301 - PubMed
  163. Indian J Pediatr. 2011 Jun;78(6):743-4 - PubMed
  164. Pediatrics. 2002 Mar;109(3):423-8 - PubMed
  165. J Pediatr. 2007 Jan;150(1):40-5 - PubMed
  166. Pediatr Res. 1992 Aug;32(2):145-9 - PubMed
  167. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2008;27(1):41-4 - PubMed
  168. J Perinatol. 2004 Feb;24(2):124-6 - PubMed
  169. J Leukoc Biol. 2006 Sep;80(3):492-9 - PubMed
  170. J Nutr. 2004 Jun;134(6):1467-74 - PubMed
  171. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2009 Nov-Dec;12(6):443-9 - PubMed
  172. Pediatr Res. 2004 Aug;56(2):240-9 - PubMed
  173. Am J Dis Child. 1982 Jul;136(7):618-20 - PubMed
  174. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2009 Sep;31(9):630-4 - PubMed

Publication Types

Grant support