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Litwin M, Niemirska A. Metabolic syndrome in children with chronic kidney disease and after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013;29(2):203-16doi: 10.1007/s00467-013-2500-1.
Litwin, M., & Niemirska, A. (2014). Metabolic syndrome in children with chronic kidney disease and after renal transplantation. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 29(2), 203-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-013-2500-1
Litwin, Mieczysław, and Niemirska, Anna. "Metabolic syndrome in children with chronic kidney disease and after renal transplantation." Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) vol. 29,2 (2014): 203-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-013-2500-1
Litwin M, Niemirska A. Metabolic syndrome in children with chronic kidney disease and after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014 Feb;29(2):203-16. doi: 10.1007/s00467-013-2500-1. Epub 2013 Jun 13. PMID: 23760991; PMCID: PMC3889828.
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Pediatr Nephrol. 2014 Feb;29(2):203-16. doi: 10.1007/s00467-013-2500-1. Epub 2013 Jun 13.

Metabolic syndrome in children with chronic kidney disease and after renal transplantation.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)

Mieczysław Litwin, Anna Niemirska

Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology and Arterial Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland, [email protected].

PMID: 23760991 PMCID: PMC3889828 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2500-1

Abstract

Visceral obesity and metabolic abnormalities typical for metabolic syndrome (MS) are the new epidemic in adolescence. MS is not only the risk factor for cardiovascular disease but also for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, there are some reasons to recognize MS as a new challenge for pediatric nephrologists. First, hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy, the main causes of CKD in adults, both share the same pathophysiological abnormalities associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance and have their origins in childhood. Secondly, as the obesity epidemic also affects children with CKD, MS emerges as the risk factor for progression of CKD. Thirdly, metabolic abnormalities typical for MS may pose additional risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in children with CKD. Finally, although the renal transplantation reverses uremic abnormalities it is associated with an exposure to new metabolic risk factors typical for MS and MS has been found to be the risk factor for graft loss and cardiovascular morbidity after renal transplantation. MS is the result of imbalance between dietary energy intake and expenditure inducing disproportionate fat accumulation. Thus, the best prevention and treatment of MS is physical activity and maintenance of proper relationship between lean and fat mass.

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