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Carpenter RJ, Refugio ON, Adams N, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic gonococcal and chlamydial infection among US Navy and Marine Corps men infected with the HIV: a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2013;3(5)doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002775.
Carpenter, R. J., Refugio, O. N., Adams, N., O'Brien, K. P., Johnson, M. D., Groff, H. L., Maves, R. C., Bavaro, M. F., & Crum-Cianflone, N. F. (2013). Prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic gonococcal and chlamydial infection among US Navy and Marine Corps men infected with the HIV: a cohort study. BMJ open, 3(5), . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002775
Carpenter, Robert J, et al. "Prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic gonococcal and chlamydial infection among US Navy and Marine Corps men infected with the HIV: a cohort study." BMJ open vol. 3,5 (2013). doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002775
Carpenter RJ, Refugio ON, Adams N, O'Brien KP, Johnson MD, Groff HL, Maves RC, Bavaro MF, Crum-Cianflone NF. Prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic gonococcal and chlamydial infection among US Navy and Marine Corps men infected with the HIV: a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2013 May 28;3(5). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002775. PMID: 23793671; PMCID: PMC3657657.
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BMJ Open. 2013 May 28;3(5). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002775.

Prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic gonococcal and chlamydial infection among US Navy and Marine Corps men infected with the HIV: a cohort study.

BMJ open

Robert J Carpenter, Oliver N Refugio, Nehkonti Adams, Kevin P O'Brien, Mark D Johnson, Harold L Groff, Ryan C Maves, Mary F Bavaro, Nancy F Crum-Cianflone

Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.

PMID: 23793671 PMCID: PMC3657657 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002775

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can facilitate transmission of HIV. Men who have sex with men (MSM) may harbour infections at genital and extragenital sites. Data regarding extragenital GC and CT infections in military populations are lacking. We examined the prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic GC and CT infection among this category of HIV-infected military personnel.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study (pilot).

SETTING: Infectious diseases clinic at a single military treatment facility in San Diego, CA.

PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-nine HIV-positive men were evaluated-79% men who had sex with men, mean age 31 years, 36% black and 33% married.

INCLUSION CRITERIA: male, HIV-infected, Department of Defense beneficiary.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA: any symptom related to the urethra, pharynx or rectum.

PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: GC and CT screening results.

RESULTS: Twenty-four per cent were infected with either GC or CT. Rectal swabs were positive in 18% for CT and 3% for GC; pharynx swabs were positive in 8% for GC and 2% for CT. Only one infection was detected in the urine (GC). Anal sex (p=0.04), male partner (OR 7.02, p=0.04) and sex at least once weekly (OR 3.28, p=0.04) were associated with infection. Associated demographics included age <35 years (OR 6.27, p=0.02), non-Caucasian ethnicity (p=0.03), <3 years since HIV diagnosis (OR 2.75, p=0.04) and previous sexually transmitted infection (STI) (OR 5.10, p=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of extragenital GC/CT infection among HIV-infected military men. Only one infection was detected in the urine, signalling the need for aggressive three-site screening of MSM. Clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence in order to enhance health through comprehensive STI screening practices.

Keywords: DADT; MSM; chlamydia; gonorrhea

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