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Torres EB, Brincker M, Isenhower RW, et al. Autism: the micro-movement perspective. Front Integr Neurosci. 2013;7:32doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00032.
Torres, E. B., Brincker, M., Isenhower, R. W., Yanovich, P., Stigler, K. A., Nurnberger, J. I., Metaxas, D. N., & José, J. V. (2013). Autism: the micro-movement perspective. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 732. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2013.00032
Torres, Elizabeth B, et al. "Autism: the micro-movement perspective." Frontiers in integrative neuroscience vol. 7 (2013): 32. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2013.00032
Torres EB, Brincker M, Isenhower RW, Yanovich P, Stigler KA, Nurnberger JI, Metaxas DN, José JV. Autism: the micro-movement perspective. Front Integr Neurosci. 2013 Jul 24;7:32. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00032. eCollection 2013. PMID: 23898241; PMCID: PMC3721360.
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Front Integr Neurosci. 2013 Jul 24;7:32. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00032. eCollection 2013.

Autism: the micro-movement perspective.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience

Elizabeth B Torres, Maria Brincker, Robert W Isenhower, Polina Yanovich, Kimberly A Stigler, John I Nurnberger, Dimitris N Metaxas, Jorge V José

Affiliations

  1. Psychology Department, Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science, Center for Computational Biomedicine Imaging and Modeling (Computer Science), Movement Disorders, Neurology, Rutgers University School of Medicine, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ, USA ; Movement Disorders, Neurology Department, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA.

PMID: 23898241 PMCID: PMC3721360 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00032

Abstract

The current assessment of behaviors in the inventories to diagnose autism spectrum disorders (ASD) focus on observation and discrete categorizations. Behaviors require movements, yet measurements of physical movements are seldom included. Their inclusion however, could provide an objective characterization of behavior to help unveil interactions between the peripheral and the central nervous systems (CNSs). Such interactions are critical for the development and maintenance of spontaneous autonomy, self-regulation, and voluntary control. At present, current approaches cannot deal with the heterogeneous, dynamic and stochastic nature of development. Accordingly, they leave no avenues for real time or longitudinal assessments of change in a coping system continuously adapting and developing compensatory mechanisms. We offer a new unifying statistical framework to reveal re-afferent kinesthetic features of the individual with ASD. The new methodology is based on the non-stationary stochastic patterns of minute fluctuations (micro-movements) inherent to our natural actions. Such patterns of behavioral variability provide re-entrant sensory feedback contributing to the autonomous regulation and coordination of the motor output. From an early age, this feedback supports centrally driven volitional control and fluid, flexible transitions between intentional and spontaneous behaviors. We show that in ASD there is a disruption in the maturation of this form of proprioception. Despite this disturbance, each individual has unique adaptive compensatory capabilities that we can unveil and exploit to evoke faster and more accurate decisions. Measuring the kinesthetic re-afference in tandem with stimuli variations we can detect changes in their micro-movements indicative of a more predictive and reliable kinesthetic percept. Our methods address the heterogeneity of ASD with a personalized approach grounded in the inherent sensory-motor abilities that the individual has already developed.

Keywords: Gamma probability distribution; autism spectrum disorders; non-stationary statistics; spontaneous behavioral variability; stochastic kinesthetic re-afference

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