J Marriage Fam. 2013 Aug;75(4):822-836. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12051.

Age-Related Changes in Demand-Withdraw Communication Behaviors.

Journal of marriage and the family

Sarah R Holley, Claudia M Haase, Robert W Levenson

PMID: 23913982 PMCID: PMC3728718 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12051

Abstract

Demand-withdraw communication is a set of conflict-related behaviors in which one partner blames or pressures while the other partner withdraws or avoids. The present study examined age-related changes in these behaviors longitudinally over the course of later life stages. One hundred twenty-seven middle-aged and older long-term married couples were observed at 3 time points across 13 years as they engaged in a conversation about an area of relationship conflict. Husbands' and wives' demand-withdraw behaviors (i.e., blame, pressure, withdrawal, avoidance) were objectively rated by trained coders at each time point. Data were analyzed using dyad-level latent growth curve models in a structural equation modeling framework. For both husbands and wives, the results showed a longitudinal pattern of increasing avoidance behavior over time and stability in all other demand and withdraw behaviors. This study supports the notion that there is an important developmental shift in the way that conflict is handled in later life.

Keywords: aging; communications; couples; life span development; marital relations

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Publication Types

• Journal Article

Grant support

• P01 AG019724/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
• R01 AG041762/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
• R37 AG017766/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States