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Olowe OA, Kukoyi OO, Taiwo SS, et al. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria. Infect Drug Resist. 2013;6:87-92doi: 10.2147/IDR.S48809.
Olowe, O. A., Kukoyi, O. O., Taiwo, S. S., Ojurongbe, O., Opaleye, O. O., Bolaji, O. S., Adegoke, A. A., Makanjuola, O. B., Ogbolu, D. O., & Alli, O. T. (2013). Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria. Infection and drug resistance, 687-92. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S48809
Olowe, Olugbenga Adekunle, et al. "Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria." Infection and drug resistance vol. 6 (2013): 87-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S48809
Olowe OA, Kukoyi OO, Taiwo SS, Ojurongbe O, Opaleye OO, Bolaji OS, Adegoke AA, Makanjuola OB, Ogbolu DO, Alli OT. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria. Infect Drug Resist. 2013 Aug 20;6:87-92. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S48809. eCollection 2013. PMID: 23990730; PMCID: PMC3753063.
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Infect Drug Resist. 2013 Aug 20;6:87-92. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S48809. eCollection 2013.

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Infection and drug resistance

Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe, Olayinka Oluwatoyin Kukoyi, Samuel Sunday Taiwo, Olusola Ojurongbe, Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye, Oloyede Samuel Bolaji, Abiodun Adebimpe Adegoke, Olufunmilola Bamidele Makanjuola, David Olusoga Ogbolu, Oyebode Terry Alli

Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

PMID: 23990730 PMCID: PMC3753063 DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S48809

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus differs according to geographical regions and in relation to antibiotic usage. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical characteristics of the prevalent S. aureus from Ekiti State, Nigeria, and to evaluate three commonly used disk diffusion methods (cefoxitin, oxacillin, and methicillin) for the detection of methicillin resistance in comparison with mecA gene detection by polymerase chain reaction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 208 isolates of S. aureus recovered from clinical specimens were included in this study. Standard microbiological procedures were employed in isolating the strains. Susceptibility of each isolate to methicillin (5 μg), oxacillin (1 μg), and cefoxitin (30 μg) was carried out using the modified Kirby-Bauer/Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute disk diffusion technique. They were also tested against panels of antibiotics including vancomycin. The conventional polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence of the mecA gene.

RESULTS: Phenotypic resistance to methicillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin were 32.7%, 40.3%, and 46.5%, respectively. The mecA gene was detected in 40 isolates, giving a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) prevalence of 19.2%. The S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (82.7%) and tetracycline (65.4%), but largely susceptible to erythromycin (78.8% sensitive), pefloxacin (82.7%), and gentamicin (88.5%). When compared to the mecA gene as the gold standard for MRSA detection, methicillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin gave sensitivity rates of 70%, 80%, and 100%, and specificity rates of 76.2%, 69.1%, and 78.5% respectively.

CONCLUSION: When compared with previous studies employing mecA polymerase chain reaction for MRSA detection, the prevalence of 19.2% reported in Ekiti State, Nigeria in this study is an indication of gradual rise in the prevalence of MRSA in Nigeria. A cefoxitin (30 μg) disk diffusion test is recommended above methicillin and oxacillin for the phenotypic detection of MRSA in clinical laboratories.

Keywords: MRSA; Nigeria; disk diffusion; evaluation; mecA gene

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