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Frasinski LJ, Zhaunerchyk V, Mucke M, et al. Dynamics of hollow atom formation in intense x-ray pulses probed by partial covariance mapping. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;111(7):073002doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.073002.
Frasinski, L. J., Zhaunerchyk, V., Mucke, M., Squibb, R. J., Siano, M., Eland, J. H., Linusson, P., v d Meulen, P., Salén, P., Thomas, R. D., Larsson, M., Foucar, L., Ullrich, J., Motomura, K., Mondal, S., Ueda, K., Osipov, T., Fang, L., Murphy, B. F., Berrah, N., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J. D., Schorb, S., Messerschmidt, M., Glownia, J. M., Cryan, J. P., Coffee, R. N., Takahashi, O., Wada, S., Piancastelli, M. N., Richter, R., Prince, K. C., & Feifel, R. (2013). Dynamics of hollow atom formation in intense x-ray pulses probed by partial covariance mapping. Physical review letters, 111(7), 073002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.073002
Frasinski, L J, et al. "Dynamics of hollow atom formation in intense x-ray pulses probed by partial covariance mapping." Physical review letters vol. 111,7 (2013): 073002. doi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.073002
Frasinski LJ, Zhaunerchyk V, Mucke M, Squibb RJ, Siano M, Eland JH, Linusson P, v d Meulen P, Salén P, Thomas RD, Larsson M, Foucar L, Ullrich J, Motomura K, Mondal S, Ueda K, Osipov T, Fang L, Murphy BF, Berrah N, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Schorb S, Messerschmidt M, Glownia JM, Cryan JP, Coffee RN, Takahashi O, Wada S, Piancastelli MN, Richter R, Prince KC, Feifel R. Dynamics of hollow atom formation in intense x-ray pulses probed by partial covariance mapping. Phys Rev Lett. 2013 Aug 16;111(7):073002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.073002. Epub 2013 Aug 13. PMID: 23992061.
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Phys Rev Lett. 2013 Aug 16;111(7):073002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.073002. Epub 2013 Aug 13.

Dynamics of hollow atom formation in intense x-ray pulses probed by partial covariance mapping.

Physical review letters

L J Frasinski, V Zhaunerchyk, M Mucke, R J Squibb, M Siano, J H D Eland, P Linusson, P v d Meulen, P Salén, R D Thomas, M Larsson, L Foucar, J Ullrich, K Motomura, S Mondal, K Ueda, T Osipov, L Fang, B F Murphy, N Berrah, C Bostedt, J D Bozek, S Schorb, M Messerschmidt, J M Glownia, J P Cryan, R N Coffee, O Takahashi, S Wada, M N Piancastelli, R Richter, K C Prince, R Feifel

Affiliations

  1. Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. [email protected]

PMID: 23992061 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.073002

Abstract

When exposed to ultraintense x-radiation sources such as free electron lasers (FELs) the innermost electronic shell can efficiently be emptied, creating a transient hollow atom or molecule. Understanding the femtosecond dynamics of such systems is fundamental to achieving atomic resolution in flash diffraction imaging of noncrystallized complex biological samples. We demonstrate the capacity of a correlation method called "partial covariance mapping" to probe the electron dynamics of neon atoms exposed to intense 8 fs pulses of 1062 eV photons. A complete picture of ionization processes competing in hollow atom formation and decay is visualized with unprecedented ease and the map reveals hitherto unobserved nonlinear sequences of photoionization and Auger events. The technique is particularly well suited to the high counting rate inherent in FEL experiments.

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