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Blaeser A, Duarte Campos DF, Weber M, et al. Biofabrication under fluorocarbon: a novel freeform fabrication technique to generate high aspect ratio tissue-engineered constructs. Biores Open Access. 2013;2(5):374-84doi: 10.1089/biores.2013.0031.
Blaeser, A., Duarte Campos, D. F., Weber, M., Neuss, S., Theek, B., Fischer, H., & Jahnen-Dechent, W. (2013). Biofabrication under fluorocarbon: a novel freeform fabrication technique to generate high aspect ratio tissue-engineered constructs. BioResearch open access, 2(5), 374-84. https://doi.org/10.1089/biores.2013.0031
Blaeser, Andreas, et al. "Biofabrication under fluorocarbon: a novel freeform fabrication technique to generate high aspect ratio tissue-engineered constructs." BioResearch open access vol. 2,5 (2013): 374-84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/biores.2013.0031
Blaeser A, Duarte Campos DF, Weber M, Neuss S, Theek B, Fischer H, Jahnen-Dechent W. Biofabrication under fluorocarbon: a novel freeform fabrication technique to generate high aspect ratio tissue-engineered constructs. Biores Open Access. 2013 Oct;2(5):374-84. doi: 10.1089/biores.2013.0031. PMID: 24083093; PMCID: PMC3776616.
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Biores Open Access. 2013 Oct;2(5):374-84. doi: 10.1089/biores.2013.0031.

Biofabrication under fluorocarbon: a novel freeform fabrication technique to generate high aspect ratio tissue-engineered constructs.

BioResearch open access

Andreas Blaeser, Daniela F Duarte Campos, Michael Weber, Sabine Neuss, Benjamin Theek, Horst Fischer, Willi Jahnen-Dechent

Affiliations

  1. Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany . ; Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterial Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany .

PMID: 24083093 PMCID: PMC3776616 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2013.0031

Abstract

Bioprinting is a recent development in tissue engineering, which applies rapid prototyping techniques to generate complex living tissues. Typically, cell-containing hydrogels are dispensed layer-by-layer according to a computer-generated three-dimensional model. The lack of mechanical stability of printed hydrogels hinders the fabrication of high aspect ratio constructs. Here we present submerged bioprinting, a novel technique for freeform fabrication of hydrogels in liquid fluorocarbon. The high buoyant density of fluorocarbons supports soft hydrogels by floating. Hydrogel constructs of up to 30-mm height were generated. Using 3% (w/v) agarose as the hydrogel and disposable syringe needles as nozzles, the printer produced features down to 570-μm diameter with a lateral dispensing accuracy of 89 μm. We printed thin-walled hydrogel cylinders measuring 4.8 mm in height, with an inner diameter of ∼2.9 mm and a minimal wall thickness of ∼650 μm. The technique was successfully applied in printing a model of an arterial bifurcation. We extruded under fluorocarbon, cellularized alginate tubes with 5-mm outer diameter and 3-cm length. Cells grew vigorously and formed clonal colonies within the 7-day culture period. Submerged bioprinting thus seems particularly suited to fabricate hollow structures with a high aspect ratio like vascular grafts for cardiovascular tissue engineering as well as branching or cantilever-like structures, obviating the need for a solid support beneath the overhanging protrusions.

Keywords: biomaterials; cardiology; cell culture; tissue engineering

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