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Cherkasova E, Weisman Q, Childs RW. Endogenous retroviruses as targets for antitumor immunity in renal cell cancer and other tumors. Front Oncol. 2013;3:243doi: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00243.
Cherkasova, E., Weisman, Q., & Childs, R. W. (2013). Endogenous retroviruses as targets for antitumor immunity in renal cell cancer and other tumors. Frontiers in oncology, 3243. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2013.00243
Cherkasova, Elena, et al. "Endogenous retroviruses as targets for antitumor immunity in renal cell cancer and other tumors." Frontiers in oncology vol. 3 (2013): 243. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2013.00243
Cherkasova E, Weisman Q, Childs RW. Endogenous retroviruses as targets for antitumor immunity in renal cell cancer and other tumors. Front Oncol. 2013 Sep 17;3:243. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00243. PMID: 24062992; PMCID: PMC3775266.
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Front Oncol. 2013 Sep 17;3:243. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00243.

Endogenous retroviruses as targets for antitumor immunity in renal cell cancer and other tumors.

Frontiers in oncology

Elena Cherkasova, Quinn Weisman, Richard W Childs

Affiliations

  1. Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.

PMID: 24062992 PMCID: PMC3775266 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00243

Abstract

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), remnants of ancient germ-line infections with exogenous retroviruses, are estimated to comprise up to 8% of human genome. Most HERVs have accumulated mutations and deletions that prevent their expression as an infectious virus. Nevertheless, a growing number of HERV genes and proteins have been found to be expressed in different cancers, raising the possibility that HERV-derived antigens might represent excellent targets for tumor immunotherapy. Here, we review data showing HERV-encoded antigens are capable of eliciting humoral and T-cells specific antitumor immunity. We also describe a novel HERV-E that was recently found to be selectively expressed in over 80% of clear cell kidney cancer but not in normal tissues. Remarkably, the restricted expression of HERV-E in kidney tumors was found to occur as a consequence of inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor. Importantly, antigens derived from this provirus are immunogenic, stimulating cytotoxic T-cells that kill kidney cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken altogether, these data suggest efforts aimed at boosting human immunity against HERV-derived antigens could be used as a strategy to treat advanced tumors including kidney cancer.

Keywords: antigen; cancer treatment; cytotoxic T-cells; human endogenous retroviruses; immunotherapy

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