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Maercker A, Brewin CR, Bryant RA, et al. Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD-11. World Psychiatry. 2013;12(3):198-206doi: 10.1002/wps.20057.
Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., Cloitre, M., van Ommeren, M., Jones, L. M., Humayan, A., Kagee, A., Llosa, A. E., Rousseau, C., Somasundaram, D. J., Souza, R., Suzuki, Y., Weissbecker, I., Wessely, S. C., First, M. B., & Reed, G. M. (2013). Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD-11. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 12(3), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20057
Maercker, Andreas, et al. "Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD-11." World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) vol. 12,3 (2013): 198-206. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20057
Maercker A, Brewin CR, Bryant RA, Cloitre M, van Ommeren M, Jones LM, Humayan A, Kagee A, Llosa AE, Rousseau C, Somasundaram DJ, Souza R, Suzuki Y, Weissbecker I, Wessely SC, First MB, Reed GM. Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD-11. World Psychiatry. 2013 Oct;12(3):198-206. doi: 10.1002/wps.20057. PMID: 24096776; PMCID: PMC3799241.
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World Psychiatry. 2013 Oct;12(3):198-206. doi: 10.1002/wps.20057.

Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD-11.

World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)

Andreas Maercker, Chris R Brewin, Richard A Bryant, Marylene Cloitre, Mark van Ommeren, Lynne M Jones, Asma Humayan, Ashraf Kagee, Augusto E Llosa, Cécile Rousseau, Daya J Somasundaram, Renato Souza, Yuriko Suzuki, Inka Weissbecker, Simon C Wessely, Michael B First, Geoffrey M Reed

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

PMID: 24096776 PMCID: PMC3799241 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20057

Abstract

The diagnostic concepts of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other disorders specifically associated with stress have been intensively discussed among neuro- and social scientists, clinicians, epidemiologists, public health planners and humanitarian aid workers around the world. PTSD and adjustment disorder are among the most widely used diagnoses in mental health care worldwide. This paper describes proposals that aim to maximize clinical utility for the classification and grouping of disorders specifically associated with stress in the forthcoming 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Proposals include a narrower concept for PTSD that does not allow the diagnosis to be made based entirely on non-specific symptoms; a new complex PTSD category that comprises three clusters of intra- and interpersonal symptoms in addition to core PTSD symptoms; a new diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder, used to describe patients that undergo an intensely painful, disabling, and abnormally persistent response to bereavement; a major revision of "adjustment disorder" involving increased specification of symptoms; and a conceptualization of "acute stress reaction" as a normal phenomenon that still may require clinical intervention. These proposals were developed with specific considerations given to clinical utility and global applicability in both low- and high-income countries.

Copyright © 2013 World Psychiatric Association.

Keywords: Classification; DSM; ICD; PTSD; complex PTSD; cultural appropriateness; mental disorders; nosology; prolonged grief disorder

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