Display options
Cite
Costa AM, Silva AJ, Garrido N, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects skeletal muscle strength in elite athletes. J Sports Sci Med. 2009;8(3):410-8
Costa, A. M., Silva, A. J., Garrido, N., Louro, H., Marinho, D. A., Cardoso Marques, M., & Breitenfeld, L. (2009). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects skeletal muscle strength in elite athletes. Journal of sports science & medicine, 8(3), 410-8.
Costa, Aldo Matos, et al. "Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects skeletal muscle strength in elite athletes." Journal of sports science & medicine vol. 8,3 (2009): 410-8.
Costa AM, Silva AJ, Garrido N, Louro H, Marinho DA, Cardoso Marques M, Breitenfeld L. Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects skeletal muscle strength in elite athletes. J Sports Sci Med. 2009 Sep 01;8(3):410-8. eCollection 2009. PMID: 24150005; PMCID: PMC3763287.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

J Sports Sci Med. 2009 Sep 01;8(3):410-8. eCollection 2009.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects skeletal muscle strength in elite athletes.

Journal of sports science & medicine

Aldo Matos Costa, António José Silva, Nuno Garrido, Hugo Louro, Daniel Almeida Marinho, Mário Cardoso Marques, Luiza Breitenfeld

Affiliations

  1. Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã, Portugal ; CIDESD , Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal ; CICS, Health Sciences Research Centre , Covilhã, Portugal.

PMID: 24150005 PMCID: PMC3763287

Abstract

Previous studies have associated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) D allele with variability in the skeletal muscle baseline strength, though conclusions have been inconsistent across investigations. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible association between ACE genotype and skeletal muscle baseline strength in elite male and female athletes involved in different event expertise. A group of 58 elite athletes, designated as Olympic candidates, were studied: 35 swimmers (19 males and 16 females, 18.8 ± 3.2 years) and 23 triathletes (15 males and 8 females, 18.7 ± 3.0 years). The athletes were classified as: short (≤ 200m) and middle (400m to 1500m) distance athletes, respectively. For each subject the grip strength in both hands was measure using an adjustable mechanical hand dynamometer. The maximum height in both squat jump (SJ) and counter movement jump (CMJ) were also assessed, using a trigonometric carpet (Ergojump Digitime 1000; Digitest, Jyvaskyla, Finland). DNA extraction was obtained with Chelex 100(®) and genotype determination by PCR-RFLP methods. Both males and females showed significantly higher right grip strength in D allele carriers compared to II homozygote's. We found that allelic frequency differs significantly by event distance specialization in both genders (p < 0.05). In fact, sprinter D allele carriers showed the superior scores in nearly all strength measurements (p < 0.05), in both genders. Among endurance athletes, the results also demonstrated that female D allele carriers exhibited the higher performance right grip and CMJ scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the ACE D allele seems associated with skeletal muscle baseline strength in elite athletes, being easily identified in females. Key pointsDD homozygote's and D allele carriers from both genders shows significantly higher right grip strength.Right grip strength remains significantly higher in the D allele carrier's female endurance group.Female's D allele carriers exhibited the higher performance counter-movement jump scores.ACE genotype effects in skeletal-muscle strength are diverse by gender, being easily identified in females.

Keywords: Swimming; genetic polymorphism; sport performance; triathlon

References

  1. Hypertension. 1989 Apr;13(4):305-14 - PubMed
  2. J Clin Invest. 1990 Oct;86(4):1343-6 - PubMed
  3. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1998 Nov;53(6):B415-23 - PubMed
  4. Am J Hum Genet. 1992 Jul;51(1):197-205 - PubMed
  5. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Jun;37(6):944-8 - PubMed
  6. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1994 Apr;54(2):105-11 - PubMed
  7. Cardiovasc Res. 1998 Nov;40(2):352-63 - PubMed
  8. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jul;22(4):1298-307 - PubMed
  9. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Oct;289(4):R1223-31 - PubMed
  10. Eur J Hum Genet. 2001 Oct;9(10):797-801 - PubMed
  11. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jul;22(4):1147-55 - PubMed
  12. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1992;19 Suppl 6:S80-8 - PubMed
  13. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jan;280(1):E150-9 - PubMed
  14. J Sports Sci Med. 2007 Mar 01;6(1):117-25 - PubMed
  15. Biotechniques. 1991 Apr;10(4):506-13 - PubMed
  16. Circulation. 1997 Aug 5;96(3):741-7 - PubMed
  17. Lancet. 1999 Feb 13;353(9152):541-5 - PubMed
  18. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1989;59(4):310-9 - PubMed
  19. Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Feb 15;53(3):672-7 - PubMed
  20. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Jun;38(6):1074-81 - PubMed
  21. Nat Genet. 1999 May;22(1):59-62 - PubMed
  22. Circulation. 1998 May 12;97(18):1766-72 - PubMed
  23. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Jan;96(1):173-80 - PubMed
  24. Hum Genet. 2005 Apr;116(5):331-9 - PubMed
  25. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Aug;18(3):551-5 - PubMed
  26. Circulation. 1998 Dec 15;98(24):2765-73 - PubMed
  27. Can J Sport Sci. 1989 Mar;14(1):46-52 - PubMed
  28. Br J Nutr. 2007 Dec;98(6):1281-7 - PubMed
  29. Circulation. 1998 Jun 9;97(22):2197-201 - PubMed
  30. Physiol Genomics. 2006 Nov 27;27(3):237-44 - PubMed
  31. Ann Hum Biol. 1991 Sep-Oct;18(5):425-32 - PubMed
  32. Endocrinology. 2000 Dec;141(12):4629-36 - PubMed
  33. Clin Genet. 2003 Feb;63(2):139-44 - PubMed
  34. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Aug;34(8):1351-9 - PubMed
  35. Hum Genet. 2001 Mar;108(3):230-2 - PubMed
  36. Cell. 1993 Dec 3;75(5):977-84 - PubMed
  37. Circulation. 2001 Jan 16;103(2):226-30 - PubMed
  38. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004 Jul;92(3):267-74 - PubMed
  39. Nature. 2000 Feb 10;403(6770):614 - PubMed
  40. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 1):E320-7 - PubMed
  41. Genet Epidemiol. 2002 Aug;23(2):110-22 - PubMed
  42. Lancet. 1995 Jul 8;346(8967):89-90 - PubMed
  43. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2004 Oct;32(4):148-54 - PubMed
  44. Circulation. 1997 Jan 7;95(1):39-45 - PubMed
  45. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992 Nov;24(11):1220-7 - PubMed
  46. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Nov;89(5):1879-83 - PubMed
  47. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Nov;38(11):1863-88 - PubMed
  48. Neurosci Lett. 2000 Feb 25;280(3):215-9 - PubMed
  49. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004 Jul;92(3):360-2 - PubMed
  50. Int J Sports Med. 2005 Mar;26(2):139-44 - PubMed
  51. Sci Prog. 2000;83(Pt 4):317-36 - PubMed
  52. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Aug 15;170(4):395-9 - PubMed
  53. J Hand Surg Br. 2004 Feb;29(1):82-4 - PubMed
  54. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jun;83(6):1941-5 - PubMed
  55. Br Med Bull. 1992 Jul;48(3):592-604 - PubMed
  56. J Hypertens. 1998 Jun;16(6):853-62 - PubMed
  57. J Hand Surg Am. 1984 Mar;9(2):222-6 - PubMed
  58. Am J Physiol. 1996 Jul;271(1 Pt 1):E96-103 - PubMed
  59. Exp Physiol. 2006 Mar;91(2):413-21 - PubMed

Publication Types