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Sin YM, Wong MK, Chou LM, et al. A study of the heavy metal concentrations of the Singapore River. Environ Monit Assess. 1991;19(1):481-94doi: 10.1007/BF00401335.
Sin, Y. M., Wong, M. K., Chou, L. M., & Alias, N. B. (1991). A study of the heavy metal concentrations of the Singapore River. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 19(1), 481-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401335
Sin, Y M, et al. "A study of the heavy metal concentrations of the Singapore River." Environmental monitoring and assessment vol. 19,1 (1991): 481-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401335
Sin YM, Wong MK, Chou LM, Alias NB. A study of the heavy metal concentrations of the Singapore River. Environ Monit Assess. 1991 Oct;19(1):481-94. doi: 10.1007/BF00401335. PMID: 24233963.
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Environ Monit Assess. 1991 Oct;19(1):481-94. doi: 10.1007/BF00401335.

A study of the heavy metal concentrations of the Singapore River.

Environmental monitoring and assessment

Y M Sin, M K Wong, L M Chou, N B Alias

Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, Republic of Singapore.

PMID: 24233963 DOI: 10.1007/BF00401335

Abstract

The concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, iron, and mercury in the water, sediment and biota of the Singapore River were determined. The concentration of the various metals in water showed significant variation at different sampling times and there was enrichment of lead content. The spatial patterns of metal distribution in the sediment could be due to the different pollution sources such as exhaust emission from boats and other environmental variables such as clay content of sediment or tide level. In the biota, higher amounts of metals were found in species inhabiting the river bed while organisms of higher trophic level such as free-swimming fishes and crabs accumulated lower amounts. In general, the flesh of fishes and crabs had the least content of metals compared to other tissues. The Concentration of various metals in bivalve, Mytilopsis sallei, which were found extensively in the river did not reflect the pollution distribution.

References

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